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74 [seventy-four]

asking for something

‫74 [أربعة وسبعون]‬ 74 [arabeat wasabeuna]	‫طلب شيئ tlab shayy

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The indigenous languages of America

Many different languages are spoken in America. English is the main language in North America. Spanish and Portuguese dominate in South America. All of these languages came to America from Europe. Before colonization, other languages were spoken there. These languages are known as the indigenous languages of America. Until today, they haven't been explored substantially. The variety of these languages is enormous. It is estimated that there are about 60 language families in North America. In South America there could even be as many as 150. Additionally, there are many isolated languages. All of these languages are very different. They exhibit only a few common structures. Therefore, it is difficult to classify the languages. The reason for their differences lies in the history of America. America was colonized in several stages. The first people came to America over more than 10,000 years ago. Each population brought its language to the continent. The indigenous languages are most similar to Asian languages. The situation regarding America's ancient languages isn't the same everywhere. Many Native American languages are still in use in South America. Languages like Guarani or Quechua have millions of active speakers. By contrast, many languages in North America are almost extinct. The culture of the Native Americans of North America was long oppressed. In the process, their languages were lost. But interest in them has increased in the last few decades. There are many programs that aim to nurture and protect the languages. So they could have a future after all…

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Can you cut my hair?	‫_ي_ك_ك ق_ ش_ر_؟_ a_u_k_n_ q_s s_i_r_? ‫أيمكنك قص شعري؟‬ ayumkank qis shiery? ‫______ ق_ ش_____ a_______ q__ s______ ‫أيمكنك قص شعري؟‬ ayumkank qis shiery? _______ __ ______ ________ ___ _______ ‫أيمكنك قص شعري؟‬ ayumkank qis shiery?
Not too short, please.	‫_ج_ء_، أ_ا ي_و_ ق_ي_ا_ ج_ا_._ r_a_a_, '_l_a y_k_n q_y_a_n j_a_n_ ‫رجاءً، ألا يكون قصيراً جداً.‬ rja'an, 'alaa yakun qsyraan jdaan. ‫______ أ__ ي___ ق_____ ج_____ r______ '____ y____ q______ j_____ ‫رجاءً، ألا يكون قصيراً جداً.‬ rja'an, 'alaa yakun qsyraan jdaan. _______ ___ ____ ______ ______ _______ _____ _____ _______ ______ ‫رجاءً، ألا يكون قصيراً جداً.‬ rja'an, 'alaa yakun qsyraan jdaan.
A bit shorter, please.	‫_ن ف_ل_، أ_ص_ ب_ل_ل_‬ m_ f_d_l_k_, '_q_a_ b_q_i_a_ ‫من فضلك، أقصر بقليل.‬ mn fidaluka, 'aqsar biqlila. ‫__ ف____ أ___ ب______ m_ f________ '_____ b_______ ‫من فضلك، أقصر بقليل.‬ mn fidaluka, 'aqsar biqlila. ___ _____ ____ _______ __ _________ ______ ________ ‫من فضلك، أقصر بقليل.‬ mn fidaluka, 'aqsar biqlila.

Can you develop the pictures?	‫_ل ي_ك_ك ت_م_ض ا_ص_ر_‬ h_ y_m_i_u_ t_h_i_ a_s_w_? ‫هل يمكنك تحميض الصور؟‬ hl yumkinuk tahmid alsuwr? ‫__ ي____ ت____ ا______ h_ y_______ t_____ a______ ‫هل يمكنك تحميض الصور؟‬ hl yumkinuk tahmid alsuwr? ___ _____ _____ _______ __ ________ ______ _______ ‫هل يمكنك تحميض الصور؟‬ hl yumkinuk tahmid alsuwr?
The pictures are on the CD.	‫_ل_و_ م_ب_ع_ ع_ى ا_ق_ص ا_م_م_._ a_s_w_ m_t_u_a_ e_l_a a_q_r_ a_m_d_m_a_ ‫الصور مطبوعة على القرص المدمج.‬ alsuwr matbueat ealaa alqurs almudamja. ‫_____ م_____ ع__ ا____ ا_______ a_____ m_______ e____ a_____ a_________ ‫الصور مطبوعة على القرص المدمج.‬ alsuwr matbueat ealaa alqurs almudamja. ______ ______ ___ _____ ________ ______ ________ _____ ______ __________ ‫الصور مطبوعة على القرص المدمج.‬ alsuwr matbueat ealaa alqurs almudamja.
The pictures are in the camera.	‫_ل_و_ ف_ آ_ة ا_ت_و_ر_‬ a_s_w_ f_ a_a_ a_t_s_i_. ‫الصور في آلة التصوير.‬ alsuwr fi alat altaswir. ‫_____ ف_ آ__ ا________ a_____ f_ a___ a________ ‫الصور في آلة التصوير.‬ alsuwr fi alat altaswir. ______ __ ___ _________ ______ __ ____ _________ ‫الصور في آلة التصوير.‬ alsuwr fi alat altaswir.

Can you fix the clock?	‫_ي_ك_ك إ_ل_ح ا_س_ع_؟_ a_u_a_i_k '_i_l_h a_s_a_t_ ‫أيمكنك إصلاح الساعة؟‬ ayumakink 'iislah alsaaet? ‫______ إ____ ا_______ a________ '______ a_______ ‫أيمكنك إصلاح الساعة؟‬ ayumakink 'iislah alsaaet? _______ _____ ________ _________ _______ ________ ‫أيمكنك إصلاح الساعة؟‬ ayumakink 'iislah alsaaet?
The glass is broken.	‫_ل_ج_ج م_س_ر_‬ a_i_i_a_ m_k_u_u_. ‫الزجاج مكسور.‬ alizijaj maksurun. ‫______ م______ a_______ m________ ‫الزجاج مكسور.‬ alizijaj maksurun. _______ _______ ________ _________ ‫الزجاج مكسور.‬ alizijaj maksurun.
The battery is dead / empty.	‫_ل_ط_ر_ة ف_ر_ة_‬ a_b_t_r_a_ f_r_h_t_ ‫البطارية فارغة.‬ albitariat farghat. ‫________ ف______ a_________ f_______ ‫البطارية فارغة.‬ albitariat farghat. _________ _______ __________ ________ ‫البطارية فارغة.‬ albitariat farghat.

Can you iron the shirt?	‫_ي_ك_ك ك_ ا_ق_ي_؟_ a_u_k_n_ k_y a_q_m_y_a_ ‫أيمكنك كي القميص؟‬ ayumkank kay alqamiysa? ‫______ ك_ ا_______ a_______ k__ a_________ ‫أيمكنك كي القميص؟‬ ayumkank kay alqamiysa? _______ __ ________ ________ ___ __________ ‫أيمكنك كي القميص؟‬ ayumkank kay alqamiysa?
Can you clean the pants / trousers?	‫_ي_ك_ك ت_ظ_ف ا_س_و_ل_‬ a_u_k_n_ t_n_i_ a_s_r_a_? ‫أيمكنك تنظيف السروال؟‬ ayumkink tanzif alsarwal? ‫______ ت____ ا________ a_______ t_____ a________ ‫أيمكنك تنظيف السروال؟‬ ayumkink tanzif alsarwal? _______ _____ _________ ________ ______ _________ ‫أيمكنك تنظيف السروال؟‬ ayumkink tanzif alsarwal?
Can you fix the shoes?	‫_ي_ك_ك إ_ل_ح ا_أ_ذ_ة_‬ a_u_a_i_k '_i_l_h a_'_h_h_t_ ‫أيمكنك إصلاح الأحذية؟‬ ayumakink 'iislah al'ahdhit? ‫______ إ____ ا________ a________ '______ a_________ ‫أيمكنك إصلاح الأحذية؟‬ ayumakink 'iislah al'ahdhit? _______ _____ _________ _________ _______ __________ ‫أيمكنك إصلاح الأحذية؟‬ ayumakink 'iislah al'ahdhit?

Do you have a light?	‫_ت_م_ ل_ ب_ع_ة ن_ر_‬ a_s_m_h l_ b_s_e_l_t n_a_? ‫أتسمح لي بشعلة نار؟‬ atsamah li bisheilat naar? ‫_____ ل_ ب____ ن____ a______ l_ b________ n____ ‫أتسمح لي بشعلة نار؟‬ atsamah li bisheilat naar? ______ __ _____ _____ _______ __ _________ _____ ‫أتسمح لي بشعلة نار؟‬ atsamah li bisheilat naar?
Do you have a match or a lighter?	‫_ل_ي_ ك_ر_ت أ_ و_ا_ة_‬ a_u_i_ k_b_i_ '_w w_l_e_a_ ‫ألديك كبريت أو ولاعة؟‬ aludik kibrit 'aw walaeta? ‫_____ ك____ أ_ و______ a_____ k_____ '__ w_______ ‫ألديك كبريت أو ولاعة؟‬ aludik kibrit 'aw walaeta? ______ _____ __ _______ ______ ______ ___ ________ ‫ألديك كبريت أو ولاعة؟‬ aludik kibrit 'aw walaeta?
Do you have an ashtray?	‫_ل_ي_ م_ف_ة س_ا_ر_‬ a_u_i_ m_n_i_a_a_ s_j_y_a_ ‫ألديك منفضة سجائر؟‬ aludik munfidatan sajayra? ‫_____ م____ س______ a_____ m_________ s_______ ‫ألديك منفضة سجائر؟‬ aludik munfidatan sajayra? ______ _____ _______ ______ __________ ________ ‫ألديك منفضة سجائر؟‬ aludik munfidatan sajayra?

Do you smoke cigars?	‫_ت_خ_ س_ك_ر_‬ a_a_a_h_n s_k_r_ ‫أتدخن سيكار؟‬ atadakhan sykar? ‫_____ س______ a________ s_____ ‫أتدخن سيكار؟‬ atadakhan sykar? ______ _______ _________ ______ ‫أتدخن سيكار؟‬ atadakhan sykar?
Do you smoke cigarettes?	‫_ت_خ_ س_ا_ر_‬ a_a_a_h_ s_a_r_ ‫أتدخن سجائر؟‬ atadakhn sjayr? ‫_____ س______ a_______ s_____ ‫أتدخن سجائر؟‬ atadakhn sjayr? ______ _______ ________ ______ ‫أتدخن سجائر؟‬ atadakhn sjayr?
Do you smoke a pipe?	‫_ت_خ_ غ_ي_ن_‬ a_a_a_h_n g_a_y_n_? ‫أتدخن غليون؟‬ atadakhan ghalyuna? ‫_____ غ______ a________ g________ ‫أتدخن غليون؟‬ atadakhan ghalyuna? ______ _______ _________ _________ ‫أتدخن غليون؟‬ atadakhan ghalyuna?

Phrasebook

The indigenous languages of America

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