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88 [eighty-eight]

Past tense of modal verbs 2

88 [ሰማንያንሸሞንተን] 88 [semaniyanishemoniteni]	ሕሉፍ ሓገዝቲ ግስታት 2 ḥilufi ḥagezitī gisitati 2

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Babies can learn grammar rules

Children grow up very quickly. And they also learn very quickly! It has yet to be researched how children learn. Learning processes take place automatically. Children don't notice when they are learning. Nevertheless, every day they are capable of more. This also becomes clear with language. Babies can only cry in the first few months. With a few months they can say short words. Then sentences are created from those words. Eventually the children speak their native language. Unfortunately, that doesn't work in the case of adults. They need books or other material in order to learn. Only this way can they learn grammar rules, for example. Babies, however, learn grammar as early as four months old! Researchers taught German babies foreign grammar rules. In order to do this, they played Italian sentences aloud to them. These sentences contained certain syntactical structures. The babies listened to the correct sentences for about fifteen minutes. Afterwards, sentences were played for the babies again. This time, however, a few of the sentences were incorrect. While the babies listened to the sentences, their brainwaves were measured. This way the researchers could identify how the brain reacted to sentences. And the babies showed different levels of activity with the sentences! Although they had just learned them, they registered the mistakes. Naturally, babies do not understand why some sentences are wrong. They orient themselves toward phonetic patterns. But that is enough to learn a language – at least for babies…

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My son did not want to play with the doll.	ወ_ይ ም_ ባ_ቡ_ኡ ክ_ወ_ ኣ_ደ_ን ኔ_። w_d_y_ m_s_ b_m_b_l_’_ k_t_’_w_t_ a_i_e_i_i n_r_። ወደይ ምስ ባምቡልኡ ክጻወት ኣይደልን ኔሩ። wedeyi misi bamibuli’u kits’aweti ayidelini nēru። ወ__ ም_ ባ____ ክ___ ኣ____ ኔ__ w_____ m___ b_________ k_________ a________ n____ ወደይ ምስ ባምቡልኡ ክጻወት ኣይደልን ኔሩ። wedeyi misi bamibuli’u kits’aweti ayidelini nēru። ___ __ _____ ____ _____ ___ ______ ____ __________ __________ _________ _____ ወደይ ምስ ባምቡልኡ ክጻወት ኣይደልን ኔሩ። wedeyi misi bamibuli’u kits’aweti ayidelini nēru።
My daughter did not want to play football / soccer (am.).	ጓ_ይ ኩ_ሶ ክ_ጻ_ት ኣ_ደ_የ_ን ኔ_። g_a_e_i k_‘_s_ k_t_t_’_w_t_ a_i_e_e_e_i_i n_r_። ጓለይ ኩዑሶ ክትጻወት ኣይደለየትን ኔራ። gwaleyi ku‘uso kitits’aweti ayideleyetini nēra። ጓ__ ኩ__ ክ____ ኣ______ ኔ__ g______ k_____ k___________ a____________ n____ ጓለይ ኩዑሶ ክትጻወት ኣይደለየትን ኔራ። gwaleyi ku‘uso kitits’aweti ayideleyetini nēra። ___ ___ _____ _______ ___ _______ ______ ____________ _____________ _____ ጓለይ ኩዑሶ ክትጻወት ኣይደለየትን ኔራ። gwaleyi ku‘uso kitits’aweti ayideleyetini nēra።
My wife did not want to play chess with me.	ሰ_ይ_ይ ም_ይ ሻ_ ክ_ጻ_ት ኣ_ደ_የ_ን ኔ_። s_b_y_t_y_ m_s_y_ s_a_̱_ k_t_t_’_w_t_ a_i_e_e_e_i_i n_r_። ሰበይተይ ምሳይ ሻኽ ክትጻወት ኣይደለየትን ኔራ። sebeyiteyi misayi shaẖi kitits’aweti ayideleyetini nēra። ሰ____ ም__ ሻ_ ክ____ ኣ______ ኔ__ s_________ m_____ s_____ k___________ a____________ n____ ሰበይተይ ምሳይ ሻኽ ክትጻወት ኣይደለየትን ኔራ። sebeyiteyi misayi shaẖi kitits’aweti ayideleyetini nēra። _____ ___ __ _____ _______ ___ __________ ______ ______ ____________ _____________ _____ ሰበይተይ ምሳይ ሻኽ ክትጻወት ኣይደለየትን ኔራ። sebeyiteyi misayi shaẖi kitits’aweti ayideleyetini nēra።

My children did not want to go for a walk.	ደ_ይ ን_ዛ_ሩ ኣ_ደ_ዩ_ ኔ_ም_ d_k_e_i n_h_i_a_e_u a_i_e_e_u_i n_r_m_። ደቀይ ንኽዛወሩ ኣይደለዩን ኔሮም። dek’eyi niẖizaweru ayideleyuni nēromi። ደ__ ን____ ኣ_____ ኔ___ d______ n__________ a__________ n______ ደቀይ ንኽዛወሩ ኣይደለዩን ኔሮም። dek’eyi niẖizaweru ayideleyuni nēromi። ___ _____ ______ ____ _______ ___________ ___________ _______ ደቀይ ንኽዛወሩ ኣይደለዩን ኔሮም። dek’eyi niẖizaweru ayideleyuni nēromi።
They did not want to tidy the room.	ነ_ ክ_ሊ ክ_ር_ዎ ኣ_ደ_ዩ_ ኔ_ም_ n_t_ k_f_l_ k_t_’_r_y_w_ a_i_e_e_u_i n_r_m_። ነቲ ክፍሊ ክጽርይዎ ኣይደለዩን ኔሮም። netī kifilī kits’iriyiwo ayideleyuni nēromi። ነ_ ክ__ ክ____ ኣ_____ ኔ___ n___ k_____ k___________ a__________ n______ ነቲ ክፍሊ ክጽርይዎ ኣይደለዩን ኔሮም። netī kifilī kits’iriyiwo ayideleyuni nēromi። __ ___ _____ ______ ____ ____ ______ ____________ ___________ _______ ነቲ ክፍሊ ክጽርይዎ ኣይደለዩን ኔሮም። netī kifilī kits’iriyiwo ayideleyuni nēromi።
They did not want to go to bed.	ና_ ዓ_ቶ_ ክ_ዱ ኣ_ደ_ዩ_ ኔ_ም_ n_b_ ‘_r_t_m_ k_h_e_u a_i_e_e_u_i n_r_m_። ናብ ዓራቶም ክኸዱ ኣይደለዩን ኔሮም። nabi ‘aratomi kiẖedu ayideleyuni nēromi። ና_ ዓ___ ክ__ ኣ_____ ኔ___ n___ ‘_______ k______ a__________ n______ ናብ ዓራቶም ክኸዱ ኣይደለዩን ኔሮም። nabi ‘aratomi kiẖedu ayideleyuni nēromi። __ ____ ___ ______ ____ ____ ________ _______ ___________ _______ ናብ ዓራቶም ክኸዱ ኣይደለዩን ኔሮም። nabi ‘aratomi kiẖedu ayideleyuni nēromi።

He was not allowed to eat ice cream.	ኣ_ስ_ክ_ም ክ_ል_ ኣ_ፍ_ዶ_ ነ_ሩ_ a_i_i_k_r_m_ k_b_l_‘_ a_i_i_’_d_n_ n_y_r_። ኣይስ-ክሪም ክበልዕ ኣይፍቀዶን ነይሩ። ayisi-kirīmi kibeli‘i ayifik’edoni neyiru። ኣ______ ክ___ ኣ_____ ነ___ a___________ k_______ a___________ n______ ኣይስ-ክሪም ክበልዕ ኣይፍቀዶን ነይሩ። ayisi-kirīmi kibeli‘i ayifik’edoni neyiru። _______ ____ ______ ____ ____________ ________ ____________ _______ ኣይስ-ክሪም ክበልዕ ኣይፍቀዶን ነይሩ። ayisi-kirīmi kibeli‘i ayifik’edoni neyiru።
He was not allowed to eat chocolate.	ቾ_ላ_ ክ_ል_ ኣ_ፍ_ዶ_ ነ_ሩ_። c_o_o_a_a k_b_l_‘_ a_i_i_’_d_n_ n_y_r_።_ ቾኮላታ ክበልዕ ኣይፍቀዶን ነይሩ።። chokolata kibeli‘i ayifik’edoni neyiru።። ቾ___ ክ___ ኣ_____ ነ____ c________ k_______ a___________ n_______ ቾኮላታ ክበልዕ ኣይፍቀዶን ነይሩ።። chokolata kibeli‘i ayifik’edoni neyiru።። ____ ____ ______ _____ _________ ________ ____________ ________ ቾኮላታ ክበልዕ ኣይፍቀዶን ነይሩ።። chokolata kibeli‘i ayifik’edoni neyiru።።
He was not allowed to eat sweets.	ከ_መ_ታ_ ክ_ል_ ኣ_ፍ_ዶ_ ነ_ሩ_ k_r_m_l_t_t_ k_b_l_‘_ a_i_i_’_d_n_ n_y_r_። ከረመላታት ክበልዕ ኣይፍቀዶን ነይሩ። keremelatati kibeli‘i ayifik’edoni neyiru። ከ_____ ክ___ ኣ_____ ነ___ k___________ k_______ a___________ n______ ከረመላታት ክበልዕ ኣይፍቀዶን ነይሩ። keremelatati kibeli‘i ayifik’edoni neyiru። ______ ____ ______ ____ ____________ ________ ____________ _______ ከረመላታት ክበልዕ ኣይፍቀዶን ነይሩ። keremelatati kibeli‘i ayifik’edoni neyiru።

I was allowed to make a wish.	ን_ይ ገ_ ክ_ነ_ለ_ ይ_እ_ ኔ_። n_‘_y_ g_l_ k_m_n_y_l_y_ y_h_i_i_i n_r_። ንዓይ ገለ ክምነየለይ ይኽእል ኔሩ። ni‘ayi gele kimineyeleyi yiẖi’ili nēru። ን__ ገ_ ክ_____ ይ___ ኔ__ n_____ g___ k___________ y________ n____ ንዓይ ገለ ክምነየለይ ይኽእል ኔሩ። ni‘ayi gele kimineyeleyi yiẖi’ili nēru። ___ __ ______ ____ ___ ______ ____ ____________ _________ _____ ንዓይ ገለ ክምነየለይ ይኽእል ኔሩ። ni‘ayi gele kimineyeleyi yiẖi’ili nēru።
I was allowed to buy myself a dress.	ሓ_ ቀ_ሽ ክ_ዝ_ ተ_ቒ_ኒ ኔ_። h_a_e k_e_ī_h_ k_g_z_’_ t_f_k_’_d_n_ n_r_። ሓደ ቀሚሽ ክገዝእ ተፈቒዱኒ ኔሩ። ḥade k’emīshi kigezi’i tefeḵ’īdunī nēru። ሓ_ ቀ__ ክ___ ተ____ ኔ__ h____ k_______ k_______ t___________ n____ ሓደ ቀሚሽ ክገዝእ ተፈቒዱኒ ኔሩ። ḥade k’emīshi kigezi’i tefeḵ’īdunī nēru። __ ___ ____ _____ ___ _____ ________ ________ ____________ _____ ሓደ ቀሚሽ ክገዝእ ተፈቒዱኒ ኔሩ። ḥade k’emīshi kigezi’i tefeḵ’īdunī nēru።
I was allowed to take a chocolate.	ሓ_ ፕ_ሊ_(_ኮ_ት_ ክ_ስ_ ተ_ቒ_ለ_ ኔ_። h_a_e p_r_l_n_(_h_k_l_t_) k_w_s_d_ t_f_k_’_d_l_y_ n_r_። ሓደ ፕራሊን(ቾኮላት) ክወስድ ተፈቒዱለይ ኔሩ። ḥade piralīni(chokolati) kiwesidi tefeḵ’īduleyi nēru። ሓ_ ፕ_________ ክ___ ተ_____ ኔ__ h____ p__________________ k_______ t_____________ n____ ሓደ ፕራሊን(ቾኮላት) ክወስድ ተፈቒዱለይ ኔሩ። ḥade piralīni(chokolati) kiwesidi tefeḵ’īduleyi nēru። __ __________ ____ ______ ___ _____ ___________________ ________ ______________ _____ ሓደ ፕራሊን(ቾኮላት) ክወስድ ተፈቒዱለይ ኔሩ። ḥade piralīni(chokolati) kiwesidi tefeḵ’īduleyi nēru።

Were you allowed to smoke in the airplane?	ኣ_ ነ_ሪ_ ክ_ት_ኽ ተ_ቒ_ል_ ዶ ኔ_? a_i n_f_r_t_ k_t_t_k_h_i t_f_k_’_d_l_k_ d_ n_r_? ኣብ ነፋሪት ክትትክኽ ተፈቒዱልካ ዶ ኔሩ? abi nefarīti kititikiẖi tefeḵ’īdulika do nēru? ኣ_ ነ___ ክ____ ተ_____ ዶ ኔ__ a__ n_______ k__________ t_____________ d_ n____ ኣብ ነፋሪት ክትትክኽ ተፈቒዱልካ ዶ ኔሩ? abi nefarīti kititikiẖi tefeḵ’īdulika do nēru? __ ____ _____ ______ _ ___ ___ ________ ___________ ______________ __ _____ ኣብ ነፋሪት ክትትክኽ ተፈቒዱልካ ዶ ኔሩ? abi nefarīti kititikiẖi tefeḵ’īdulika do nēru?
Were you allowed to drink beer in the hospital?	ኣ_ ሆ_ፒ_ል ቢ_ ክ_ሰ_ ተ_ቒ_ል_ ዶ ኔ_? a_i h_s_p_t_l_ b_r_ k_t_s_t_ t_f_k_’_d_l_k_ d_ n_r_? ኣብ ሆስፒታል ቢራ ክትሰቲ ተፈቒዱልካ ዶ ኔሩ? abi hosipītali bīra kitisetī tefeḵ’īdulika do nēru? ኣ_ ሆ____ ቢ_ ክ___ ተ_____ ዶ ኔ__ a__ h_________ b___ k_______ t_____________ d_ n____ ኣብ ሆስፒታል ቢራ ክትሰቲ ተፈቒዱልካ ዶ ኔሩ? abi hosipītali bīra kitisetī tefeḵ’īdulika do nēru? __ _____ __ ____ ______ _ ___ ___ __________ ____ ________ ______________ __ _____ ኣብ ሆስፒታል ቢራ ክትሰቲ ተፈቒዱልካ ዶ ኔሩ? abi hosipītali bīra kitisetī tefeḵ’īdulika do nēru?
Were you allowed to take the dog into the hotel?	ነ_ ከ_ቢ ና_ ሆ_ል ክ_እ_ዎ ተ_ቒ_ል_ ዶ ኔ_? n_t_ k_l_b_ n_b_ h_t_l_ k_t_’_t_w_ t_f_k_’_d_l_k_ d_ n_r_? ነቲ ከልቢ ናብ ሆተል ክትእተዎ ተፈቒዱልካ ዶ ኔሩ? netī kelibī nabi hoteli kiti’itewo tefeḵ’īdulika do nēru? ነ_ ከ__ ና_ ሆ__ ክ____ ተ_____ ዶ ኔ__ n___ k_____ n___ h_____ k_________ t_____________ d_ n____ ነቲ ከልቢ ናብ ሆተል ክትእተዎ ተፈቒዱልካ ዶ ኔሩ? netī kelibī nabi hoteli kiti’itewo tefeḵ’īdulika do nēru? __ ___ __ ___ _____ ______ _ ___ ____ ______ ____ ______ __________ ______________ __ _____ ነቲ ከልቢ ናብ ሆተል ክትእተዎ ተፈቒዱልካ ዶ ኔሩ? netī kelibī nabi hoteli kiti’itewo tefeḵ’īdulika do nēru?

During the holidays the children were allowed to remain outside late.	ብ_ዜ ዕ_ፍ_ እ_ም ቆ_ዑ ነ_ሕ ኣ_ ደ_ ክ_ነ_ ይ_እ_ ነ_ሮ_። b_g_z_ ‘_r_f_t_ i_o_i k_o_i_u n_w_h_i a_i d_g_ k_z_n_y_ y_h_i_i_u n_y_r_m_። ብግዜ ዕርፍቲ እቶም ቆልዑ ነዊሕ ኣብ ደገ ክዛነዩ ይኽእሉ ነይሮም። bigizē ‘irifitī itomi k’oli‘u newīḥi abi dege kizaneyu yiẖi’ilu neyiromi። ብ__ ዕ___ እ__ ቆ__ ነ__ ኣ_ ደ_ ክ___ ይ___ ነ____ b_____ ‘_______ i____ k______ n______ a__ d___ k_______ y________ n________ ብግዜ ዕርፍቲ እቶም ቆልዑ ነዊሕ ኣብ ደገ ክዛነዩ ይኽእሉ ነይሮም። bigizē ‘irifitī itomi k’oli‘u newīḥi abi dege kizaneyu yiẖi’ilu neyiromi። ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ __ __ ____ ____ _____ ______ ________ _____ _______ _______ ___ ____ ________ _________ _________ ብግዜ ዕርፍቲ እቶም ቆልዑ ነዊሕ ኣብ ደገ ክዛነዩ ይኽእሉ ነይሮም። bigizē ‘irifitī itomi k’oli‘u newīḥi abi dege kizaneyu yiẖi’ilu neyiromi።
They were allowed to play in the yard for a long time.	ን_ዊ_ ግ_ ኣ_ ቀ_ሪ ክ_ወ_ ተ_ቒ_ሎ_ ኔ_። n_n_w_h_i g_z_ a_i k_e_s_i_ī k_t_’_w_t_ t_f_k_’_d_l_m_ n_r_። ንነዊሕ ግዜ ኣብ ቀጽሪ ክጻወቱ ተፈቒዱሎም ኔሩ። ninewīḥi gizē abi k’ets’irī kits’awetu tefeḵ’īdulomi nēru። ን___ ግ_ ኣ_ ቀ__ ክ___ ተ_____ ኔ__ n________ g___ a__ k________ k_________ t_____________ n____ ንነዊሕ ግዜ ኣብ ቀጽሪ ክጻወቱ ተፈቒዱሎም ኔሩ። ninewīḥi gizē abi k’ets’irī kits’awetu tefeḵ’īdulomi nēru። ____ __ __ ___ ____ ______ ___ _________ ____ ___ _________ __________ ______________ _____ ንነዊሕ ግዜ ኣብ ቀጽሪ ክጻወቱ ተፈቒዱሎም ኔሩ። ninewīḥi gizē abi k’ets’irī kits’awetu tefeḵ’īdulomi nēru።
They were allowed to stay up late.	ን_ዊ_ ግ_ ክ_ን_ ተ_ቒ_ሎ_ ኔ_። n_n_w_h_i g_z_ k_t_’_n_h_u t_f_k_’_d_l_m_ n_r_። ንነዊሕ ግዜ ክጸንሑ ተፈቒዱሎም ኔሩ። ninewīḥi gizē kits’eniḥu tefeḵ’īdulomi nēru። ን___ ግ_ ክ___ ተ_____ ኔ__ n________ g___ k__________ t_____________ n____ ንነዊሕ ግዜ ክጸንሑ ተፈቒዱሎም ኔሩ። ninewīḥi gizē kits’eniḥu tefeḵ’īdulomi nēru። ____ __ ____ ______ ___ _________ ____ ___________ ______________ _____ ንነዊሕ ግዜ ክጸንሑ ተፈቒዱሎም ኔሩ። ninewīḥi gizē kits’eniḥu tefeḵ’īdulomi nēru።

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