English UK » Adyghe | 81 [eighty-one] | Past tense 1

81 [тIокIиплIырэ зырэ] БлэкIыгъэ шъуашэр 1

81 [tIokIiplIyrje zyrje] BljekIygje shuashjer 1

to write	тхэн; thjen
He wrote a letter.	Ащ (хъулъфыгъ) письмэ ытхыщтыгъ.; Ashh (hulfyg) pis'mje ythyshhtyg.
And she wrote a card.	ЫкIи ащ (бзылъфыгъ) открыткэ ытхыщтыгъ.; YkIi ashh (bzylfyg) otkrytkje ythyshhtyg.
to read	еджэн; edzhjen
He read a magazine.	Ар (хъулъфыгъ) журнал хъэрэ-пкIарэм еджэщтыгъ.; Ar (hulfyg) zhurnal hjerje-pkIarjem edzhjeshhtyg.
And she read a book.	Ар (бзылъфыгъ) тхылъ еджэщтыгъ.; Ar (bzylfyg) thyl edzhjeshhtyg.
to take	штэн; shtjen
He took a cigarette.	Ащ (хъулъфыгъ) тутыныр ыштагъ.; Ashh (hulfyg) tutynyr yshtag.
She took a piece of chocolate.	40;щ (бзылъфыгъ) шоколад такъыр ыштагъ.; Ashh (bzylfyg) shokolad takyr yshtag.
He was disloyal, but she was loyal.	Ащ (хъулъфыгъ) шъыпкъагъэ хэлъыгъэп, ау ар (бзылъфыгъ) фэшъыпкъагъ.; Ashh (hulfyg) shypkagje hjelygjep, au ar (bzylfyg) fjeshypkag.
He was lazy, but she was hard-working.	Ар (хъулъфыгъ) шъхьахынагъ, ау ар (бзылъфыгъ) хъупхъагъэ.; Ar (hulfyg) shh'ahynag, au ar (bzylfyg) huphagje.
He was poor, but she was rich.	Ар (хъулъфыгъ) тхьамыкIагъ, ау ар (бзылъфыгъ) баигъэ.; Ar (hulfyg) th'amykIag, au ar (bzylfyg) baigje.
He had no money, only debts.	Ащ (хъулъфыгъ) ахъщэ иIагъэп, чIыфэхэр телъыгъэх нахь.; Ashh (hulfyg) ahshhje iIagjep, chIyfjehjer telygjeh nah'.
He had no luck, only bad luck.	Ащ (хъулъфыгъ) насып иIагъэп, насыпынчъагъ нахь.; Ashh (hulfyg) nasyp iIagjep, nasypynchag nah'.
He had no success, only failure.	Ащ (хъулъфыгъ) гъэхъагъэ иIагъэп, гъэхъэгъэнчъагъ нахь.; Ashh (hulfyg) gjehagje iIagjep, gjehjegjenchag nah'.
He was not satisfied, but dissatisfied.	Ар (хъулъфыгъ) рэзагъэп, рэзэнчъэ нахь.; Ar (hulfyg) rjezagjep, rjezjenchje nah'.
He was not happy, but sad.	Ар (хъулъфыгъ) насыпышIуагъэп, насыпынчъагъ нахь.; Ar (hulfyg) nasypyshIuagjep, nasypynchag nah'.
He was not friendly, but unfriendly.	Ар (хъулъфыгъ) гохьыгъэп, гохьынчъагъ нахь.; Ar (hulfyg) goh'ygjep, goh'ynchag nah'.

The history of linguistics

Languages have always fascinated mankind. The history of linguistics is therefore very long. Linguistics is the systematic study of language. Even thousands of years ago people contemplated language. In doing so, different cultures developed different systems. As a result, different descriptions of languages emerged. Today's linguistics are based on ancient theories more than anything else. Many traditions were established in Greece in particular. The oldest known work about language comes from India, however. It was written 3,000 years ago by the grammarian Sakatayana. In ancient times, philosophers like Plato busied themselves with languages. Later, Roman authors developed their theories further. Arabians, too, developed their own traditions in the 8th century. Even then, their works show precise descriptions of the Arabian language. In modern times, man particularly wanted to research where language comes from. Scholars were especially interested in the history of language. In the 18th century, people started to compare languages with each other. They wanted to understand how languages develop. Later they concentrated on languages as a system. The question of how languages function was the focal point. Today, a great number of schools of thought exist within linguistics. Many new disciplines have developed since the fifties. These were in part strongly influenced by other sciences. Examples are psycholinguistics or intercultural communication. The newer linguistic schools of thought are very specialized. One example of this is feminist linguistics. So the history of linguistics continues… As long as there are languages, man will contemplate them!