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58 [fifty-eight]

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58 [ötvennyolc]	Testrészek

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Does a universal grammar exist?

When we learn a language, we also learn its grammar. When children learn their native language, this happens automatically. They don't notice that their brain is learning various rules. Despite this, they learn their native language correctly from the beginning. Given that many languages exist, many grammar systems exist too. But is there also a universal grammar? Scientists have been studying this for a long time. New studies could provide an answer. Because brain researchers have made an interesting discovery. They had test subjects study grammar rules. These subjects were language school students. They studied Japanese or Italian. Half of the grammar rules were totally fabricated. However, the test subjects didn't know that. The students were presented with sentences after studying. They had to assess whether or not the sentences were correct. While they were working through the sentences, their brains were analyzed. That is to say, the researchers measured the activity of the brain. This way they could examine how the brain reacted to the sentences. And it appears that our brain recognizes grammar! When processing speech, certain brain areas are active. The Broca Center is one of them. It is located in the left cerebrum. When the students were faced with real grammar rules, it was very active. With the fabricated rules on the other hand, the activity decreased considerably. So it could be that all grammar systems have the same basis. Then they would all follow the same principles. And these principles would be inherent in us…

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I am drawing a man.	R_j_o_o_ e_y f_r_i_. Rajzolok egy férfit. R_______ e__ f______ Rajzolok egy férfit. ________ ___ _______ Rajzolok egy férfit.
First the head.	E_ő_z_r a f_j_t_ Először a fejét. E______ a f_____ Először a fejét. _______ _ ______ Először a fejét.
The man is wearing a hat.	A f_r_i k_l_p_t h_r_. A férfi kalapot hord. A f____ k______ h____ A férfi kalapot hord. _ _____ _______ _____ A férfi kalapot hord.

One cannot see the hair.	A h_j_t n_m l_h_t l_t_i_ A hajat nem lehet látni. A h____ n__ l____ l_____ A hajat nem lehet látni. _ _____ ___ _____ ______ A hajat nem lehet látni.
One cannot see the ears either.	A f_l_k_t s_m l_h_t l_t_i_ A füleket sem lehet látni. A f______ s__ l____ l_____ A füleket sem lehet látni. _ _______ ___ _____ ______ A füleket sem lehet látni.
One cannot see his back either.	A h_t_t s_m l_h_t l_t_i_ A hátat sem lehet látni. A h____ s__ l____ l_____ A hátat sem lehet látni. _ _____ ___ _____ ______ A hátat sem lehet látni.

I am drawing the eyes and the mouth.	L_r_j_o_o_ a s_e_e_e_ é_ a s_á_a_. Lerajzolom a szemeket és a szájat. L_________ a s_______ é_ a s______ Lerajzolom a szemeket és a szájat. __________ _ ________ __ _ _______ Lerajzolom a szemeket és a szájat.
The man is dancing and laughing.	A f_r_i t_n_o_ é_ n_v_t_ A férfi táncol és nevet. A f____ t_____ é_ n_____ A férfi táncol és nevet. _ _____ ______ __ ______ A férfi táncol és nevet.
The man has a long nose.	A f_r_i_e_ h_s_z_ o_r_ v_n_ A férfinek hosszú orra van. A f_______ h_____ o___ v___ A férfinek hosszú orra van. _ ________ ______ ____ ____ A férfinek hosszú orra van.

He is carrying a cane in his hands.	V_s_ e_y b_t_t a k_z_b_n_ Visz egy botot a kezében. V___ e__ b____ a k_______ Visz egy botot a kezében. ____ ___ _____ _ ________ Visz egy botot a kezében.
He is also wearing a scarf around his neck.	E_y s_l_t i_ h_r_ a n_a_a k_r_l_ Egy sálat is hord a nyaka körül. E__ s____ i_ h___ a n____ k_____ Egy sálat is hord a nyaka körül. ___ _____ __ ____ _ _____ ______ Egy sálat is hord a nyaka körül.
It is winter and it is cold.	T_l v_n é_ h_d_g_ Tél van és hideg. T__ v__ é_ h_____ Tél van és hideg. ___ ___ __ ______ Tél van és hideg.

The arms are athletic.	A k_r_k e_ő_e_. A karok erősek. A k____ e______ A karok erősek. _ _____ _______ A karok erősek.
The legs are also athletic.	A l_b_k s_i_t_n e_ő_e_. A lábak szintén erősek. A l____ s______ e______ A lábak szintén erősek. _ _____ _______ _______ A lábak szintén erősek.
The man is made of snow.	A f_r_i h_b_l v_n_ A férfi hóból van. A f____ h____ v___ A férfi hóból van. _ _____ _____ ____ A férfi hóból van.

He is neither wearing pants nor a coat.	N_m v_s_l n_d_á_o_ é_ k_b_t_t_ Nem visel nadrágot és kabátot. N__ v____ n_______ é_ k_______ Nem visel nadrágot és kabátot. ___ _____ ________ __ ________ Nem visel nadrágot és kabátot.
But the man is not freezing.	D_ a f_r_i n_m f_g_ m_g_ De a férfi nem fagy meg. D_ a f____ n__ f___ m___ De a férfi nem fagy meg. __ _ _____ ___ ____ ____ De a férfi nem fagy meg.
He is a snowman.	Ő e_y h_e_b_r_ Ő egy hóember. Ő e__ h_______ Ő egy hóember. _ ___ ________ Ő egy hóember.

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Does a universal grammar exist?

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