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58 [pedeset i osam]

Dijelovi tijela

58 [fifty-eight]	Parts of the body

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Postoji li univerzalna gramatika?

Dok učimo jezik, učimo i njegovu gramatiku. Kod djece koja uče materinji jezik to se dešava automatski. Oni ne primjećuju da je njihov mozak naučio mnogo različitih pravila. No ipak od početka ispravno nauče svoj materinji jezik. Budući da postoji mnogo jezika, postoji i mnogo gramatika. Međutim, postoji li i univerzalna gramatika? Znanost se već dugo bavi tim pitanjem. Nova istraživanja bi mogla imati odgovor na njega. Istraživači mozga su došli do zanimljivog otkrića. Dali su ispitanicima da uče gramatička pravila. Ti ispitanici su bili učenici jezika. Učili su japanski i talijanski jezik. Polovica gramatičkih pravila bila je izmišljena. Međutim, ispitanici to nisu znali. Učenicima su nakon učenja prezentirane rečenice. Ispitanici su morali procijeniti da li su rečenice bile ispravne. Dok su rješavali zadatke, mozak im je bio podvrgnut analizi. To znači da su istraživači mjerili moždanu aktivnost. Tako su mogli ispitati kako je mozak reagirao na rečenice. I čini se da naš mozak prepoznaje gramatiku! Pri obradi jezika aktivna su određena područja mozga. Tu spada i Brocino područje. Nalazi se u lijevom velikom mozgu. Ono je bilo jako aktivno prilikom obrade stvarnih gramatička pravila. Aktivnost je znatno opala pri obradi izmišljenih pravila. Stoga može biti da svi gramatički sistemi imaju istu osnovu. Svi oni bi pratili iste principe. I ti principi bi nam bili urođeni...

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Crtam muškarca.	I a_ d_a_i_g a m_n_ I am drawing a man. I a_ d______ a m___ I am drawing a man. _ __ _______ _ ____ I am drawing a man.
Prvo glavu.	F_r_t t_e h_a_. First the head. F____ t__ h____ First the head. _____ ___ _____ First the head.
Muškarac nosi šešir.	T_e m_n i_ w_a_i_g a h_t_ The man is wearing a hat. T__ m__ i_ w______ a h___ The man is wearing a hat. ___ ___ __ _______ _ ____ The man is wearing a hat.

Kosa se ne vidi.	O_e c_n_o_ s_e t_e h_i_. One cannot see the hair. O__ c_____ s__ t__ h____ One cannot see the hair. ___ ______ ___ ___ _____ One cannot see the hair.
Uši se također ne vide.	O_e c_n_o_ s_e t_e e_r_ e_t_e_. One cannot see the ears either. O__ c_____ s__ t__ e___ e______ One cannot see the ears either. ___ ______ ___ ___ ____ _______ One cannot see the ears either.
Leđa se također ne vide.	O_e c_n_o_ s_e h_s b_c_ e_t_e_. One cannot see his back either. O__ c_____ s__ h__ b___ e______ One cannot see his back either. ___ ______ ___ ___ ____ _______ One cannot see his back either.

Crtam oči i usta.	I a_ d_a_i_g t_e e_e_ a_d t_e m_u_h_ I am drawing the eyes and the mouth. I a_ d______ t__ e___ a__ t__ m_____ I am drawing the eyes and the mouth. _ __ _______ ___ ____ ___ ___ ______ I am drawing the eyes and the mouth.
Muškarac pleše i smije se.	T_e m_n i_ d_n_i_g a_d l_u_h_n_. The man is dancing and laughing. T__ m__ i_ d______ a__ l________ The man is dancing and laughing. ___ ___ __ _______ ___ _________ The man is dancing and laughing.
Muškarac ima dug nos.	T_e m_n h_s a l_n_ n_s_. The man has a long nose. T__ m__ h__ a l___ n____ The man has a long nose. ___ ___ ___ _ ____ _____ The man has a long nose.

On nosi štap u rukama.	H_ i_ c_r_y_n_ a c_n_ i_ h_s h_n_s_ He is carrying a cane in his hands. H_ i_ c_______ a c___ i_ h__ h_____ He is carrying a cane in his hands. __ __ ________ _ ____ __ ___ ______ He is carrying a cane in his hands.
On nosi i šal oko vrata.	H_ i_ a_s_ w_a_i_g a s_a_f a_o_n_ h_s n_c_. He is also wearing a scarf around his neck. H_ i_ a___ w______ a s____ a_____ h__ n____ He is also wearing a scarf around his neck. __ __ ____ _______ _ _____ ______ ___ _____ He is also wearing a scarf around his neck.
Zima je i hladno je.	I_ i_ w_n_e_ a_d i_ i_ c_l_. It is winter and it is cold. I_ i_ w_____ a__ i_ i_ c____ It is winter and it is cold. __ __ ______ ___ __ __ _____ It is winter and it is cold.

Ruke su jake.	T_e a_m_ a_e a_h_e_i_. The arms are athletic. T__ a___ a__ a________ The arms are athletic. ___ ____ ___ _________ The arms are athletic.
Noge su također jake.	T_e l_g_ a_e a_s_ a_h_e_i_. The legs are also athletic. T__ l___ a__ a___ a________ The legs are also athletic. ___ ____ ___ ____ _________ The legs are also athletic.
Muškarac je od snijega.	T_e m_n i_ m_d_ o_ s_o_. The man is made of snow. T__ m__ i_ m___ o_ s____ The man is made of snow. ___ ___ __ ____ __ _____ The man is made of snow.

On ne nosi hlače i kaput.	H_ i_ n_i_h_r w_a_i_g p_n_s n_r a c_a_. He is neither wearing pants nor a coat. H_ i_ n______ w______ p____ n__ a c____ He is neither wearing pants nor a coat. __ __ _______ _______ _____ ___ _ _____ He is neither wearing pants nor a coat.
Ali mušakarac se ne smrzava.	B_t t_e m_n i_ n_t f_e_z_n_. But the man is not freezing. B__ t__ m__ i_ n__ f________ But the man is not freezing. ___ ___ ___ __ ___ _________ But the man is not freezing.
On je snjegović.	H_ i_ a s_o_m_n_ He is a snowman. H_ i_ a s_______ He is a snowman. __ __ _ ________ He is a snowman.

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