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34 [thirty-four]

On the train

34[三十四] 34 [Sānshísì]	在火车里 zài huǒchē lǐ

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The development of language

Why we speak with each other is clear. We want to exchange ideas and understand each other. How exactly language originated, on the other hand, is less clear. Various theories exist about this. What's certain is that language is a very old phenomenon. Certain physical traits were a prerequisite for speaking. They were necessary in order for us to form sounds. People as far back as the Neanderthals had the ability to apply their voice. In this way, they could distinguish themselves from animals. Additionally, a loud, firm voice was important for defense. A person could threaten or frighten enemies with it. Back then, tools had already been made and fire had been discovered. This knowledge had to be passed along somehow. Speech was also important for hunting in groups. As early as 2 million years ago there was a simple understanding among people. The first linguistic elements were signs and gestures. But people wanted to be able to communicate in the dark too. More importantly, they also had the need to talk to each other without looking. Therefore, the voice developed, and it replaced the gestures. Language in today's sense is at least 50,000 years old. When Homo sapiens left Africa, they distributed language around the world. The languages separated from each other in the different regions. That is to say, various language families came into being. However, they only contained the fundamentals of language systems. The first languages were much less complex than languages today. They were further developed through grammar, phonology and semantics. It could be said that different languages have different solutions. But the problem was always the same: How do I show what I'm thinking?

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Is that the train to Berlin?	这_ 开_柏_的火_ 吗 ? z_è s_ì k_i w_n_ b_l_n d_ h_ǒ_h_ m_? 这是开往柏林的火车吗 ? zhè shì kāi wǎng bólín de huǒchē ma? 这_ 开____ 火_ 吗 ? z__ s__ k__ w___ b____ d_ h_____ m__ 这是开往柏林的火车吗 ? zhè shì kāi wǎng bólín de huǒchē ma? __ _____ __ _ _ ___ ___ ___ ____ _____ __ ______ ___ 这是开往柏林的火车吗 ? zhè shì kāi wǎng bólín de huǒchē ma?
When does the train leave?	火_ 什_ 时_ 启_ ? H_ǒ_h_ s_é_m_ s_í_ò_ q_c_é_g_ 火车什么时候启程 ? Huǒchē shénme shíhòu qǐchéng? 火_ 什_ 时_ 启_ ? H_____ s_____ s_____ q_______ 火车什么时候启程 ? Huǒchē shénme shíhòu qǐchéng? __ __ __ __ _ ______ ______ ______ ________ 火车什么时候启程 ? Huǒchē shénme shíhòu qǐchéng?
When does the train arrive in Berlin?	火_ 什_ 时_ 到_ 柏_ ? H_ǒ_h_ s_é_m_ s_í_ò_ d_o_á b_l_n_ 火车什么时候到达柏林 ? Huǒchē shénme shíhòu dàodá bólín? 火_ 什_ 时_ 到_ 柏_ ? H_____ s_____ s_____ d____ b_____ 火车什么时候到达柏林 ? Huǒchē shénme shíhòu dàodá bólín? __ __ __ __ __ _ ______ ______ ______ _____ ______ 火车什么时候到达柏林 ? Huǒchē shénme shíhòu dàodá bólín?

Excuse me, may I pass?	打_了_ 可_ 让我过_ 吗 ? D_r_o_e_ k_y_ r_n_ w_ g_ò_ù m_? 打扰了, 可以让我过去吗 ? Dǎrǎole, kěyǐ ràng wǒ guòqù ma? 打___ 可_ 让我过_ 吗 ? D_______ k___ r___ w_ g____ m__ 打扰了, 可以让我过去吗 ? Dǎrǎole, kěyǐ ràng wǒ guòqù ma? ____ __ _ _ __ _ _ ________ ____ ____ __ _____ ___ 打扰了, 可以让我过去吗 ? Dǎrǎole, kěyǐ ràng wǒ guòqù ma?
I think this is my seat.	我想这_ 位_ 是我_ 。 W_ x_ǎ_g z_è_e w_i_h_ s_ì w_ d_. 我想这个位置是我的。 Wǒ xiǎng zhège wèizhì shì wǒ de. 我想这_ 位_ 是我_ 。 W_ x____ z____ w_____ s__ w_ d__ 我想这个位置是我的。 Wǒ xiǎng zhège wèizhì shì wǒ de. _ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _____ _____ ______ ___ __ ___ 我想这个位置是我的。 Wǒ xiǎng zhège wèizhì shì wǒ de.
I think you’re sitting in my seat.	我想您坐_ 我_ 位_ 。 W_ x_ǎ_g n_n z_ò_e w_ d_ w_i_h_. 我想您坐了我的位置。 Wǒ xiǎng nín zuòle wǒ de wèizhì. 我想您坐_ 我_ 位_ 。 W_ x____ n__ z____ w_ d_ w______ 我想您坐了我的位置。 Wǒ xiǎng nín zuòle wǒ de wèizhì. _ _ _ __ __ __ _ __ _____ ___ _____ __ __ _______ 我想您坐了我的位置。 Wǒ xiǎng nín zuòle wǒ de wèizhì.

Where is the sleeper?	卧_车_ 在哪_ ? W_p_ c_ē_i_n_ z_i n_l_? 卧铺车厢在哪里 ? Wòpù chēxiāng zài nǎlǐ? 卧___ 在哪_ ? W___ c_______ z__ n____ 卧铺车厢在哪里 ? Wòpù chēxiāng zài nǎlǐ? ____ _ __ _ ____ ________ ___ _____ 卧铺车厢在哪里 ? Wòpù chēxiāng zài nǎlǐ?
The sleeper is at the end of the train.	卧_车_ 在这_ 火_的尾_ 。 W_p_ c_ē_i_n_ z_i z_è l_è h_ǒ_h_ d_ w_i_ù_ 卧铺车厢在这列火车的尾部。 Wòpù chēxiāng zài zhè liè huǒchē de wěibù. 卧___ 在这_ 火__ 尾_ 。 W___ c_______ z__ z__ l__ h_____ d_ w_____ 卧铺车厢在这列火车的尾部。 Wòpù chēxiāng zài zhè liè huǒchē de wěibù. ____ _ __ ___ __ _ ____ ________ ___ ___ ___ ______ __ ______ 卧铺车厢在这列火车的尾部。 Wòpù chēxiāng zài zhè liè huǒchē de wěibù.
And where is the dining car? – At the front.	那_ 车_餐_ 在哪_ ? 在最前_ 。 N_m_ c_ē_i_n_ c_n_ī_g z_i n_l_? Z_i z_ì q_á_m_à_. 那么车厢餐厅在哪里 ? 在最前面。 Nàme chēxiāng cāntīng zài nǎlǐ? Zài zuì qiánmiàn. 那_ 车___ 在哪_ ? 在最前_ 。 N___ c_______ c______ z__ n____ Z__ z__ q________ 那么车厢餐厅在哪里 ? 在最前面。 Nàme chēxiāng cāntīng zài nǎlǐ? Zài zuì qiánmiàn. __ ____ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ ____ ________ _______ ___ _____ ___ ___ _________ 那么车厢餐厅在哪里 ? 在最前面。 Nàme chēxiāng cāntīng zài nǎlǐ? Zài zuì qiánmiàn.

Can I sleep below?	我能睡在下_ 吗？ W_ n_n_ s_u_ z_i_i_ p_ m_? 我能睡在下铺吗？ Wǒ néng shuì zàixià pù ma? 我能睡在下_ 吗？ W_ n___ s___ z_____ p_ m__ 我能睡在下铺吗？ Wǒ néng shuì zàixià pù ma? _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ ____ ____ ______ __ ___ 我能睡在下铺吗？ Wǒ néng shuì zàixià pù ma?
Can I sleep in the middle?	我能睡在中_ 吗 ? W_ n_n_ s_u_ z_i z_ō_g p_ m_? 我能睡在中铺吗 ? Wǒ néng shuì zài zhōng pù ma? 我能睡在中_ 吗 ? W_ n___ s___ z__ z____ p_ m__ 我能睡在中铺吗 ? Wǒ néng shuì zài zhōng pù ma? _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ ____ ____ ___ _____ __ ___ 我能睡在中铺吗 ? Wǒ néng shuì zài zhōng pù ma?
Can I sleep at the top?	我能睡在上_ 吗 ? W_ n_n_ s_u_ z_i s_à_g p_ m_? 我能睡在上铺吗 ? Wǒ néng shuì zài shàng pù ma? 我能睡在上_ 吗 ? W_ n___ s___ z__ s____ p_ m__ 我能睡在上铺吗 ? Wǒ néng shuì zài shàng pù ma? _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ ____ ____ ___ _____ __ ___ 我能睡在上铺吗 ? Wǒ néng shuì zài shàng pù ma?

When will we get to the border?	我_ 什_ 时_ 能到边_ ? W_m_n s_é_m_ s_í_ò_ n_n_ d_o b_ā_j_n_? 我们什么时候能到边境 ? Wǒmen shénme shíhòu néng dào biānjìng? 我_ 什_ 时_ 能到边_ ? W____ s_____ s_____ n___ d__ b________ 我们什么时候能到边境 ? Wǒmen shénme shíhòu néng dào biānjìng? __ __ __ _ _ __ _ _____ ______ ______ ____ ___ _________ 我们什么时候能到边境 ? Wǒmen shénme shíhòu néng dào biānjìng?
How long does the journey to Berlin take?	到柏_ 要行_ 多_ ? D_o b_l_n y_o x_n_s_ǐ d_ō_i_? 到柏林要行驶多久 ? Dào bólín yào xíngshǐ duōjiǔ? 到柏_ 要行_ 多_ ? D__ b____ y__ x______ d______ 到柏林要行驶多久 ? Dào bólín yào xíngshǐ duōjiǔ? _ __ _ __ __ _ ___ _____ ___ _______ _______ 到柏林要行驶多久 ? Dào bólín yào xíngshǐ duōjiǔ?
Is the train delayed?	火_ 晚_ 了吗 ? H_ǒ_h_ w_n_i_n_e m_? 火车晚点了吗 ? Huǒchē wǎndiǎnle ma? 火_ 晚_ 了吗 ? H_____ w________ m__ 火车晚点了吗 ? Huǒchē wǎndiǎnle ma? __ __ _ _ _ ______ _________ ___ 火车晚点了吗 ? Huǒchē wǎndiǎnle ma?

Do you have something to read?	您有什_ 可_读_ 吗 ? N_n y_u s_é m_ k_ y_è_ú d_ m_? 您有什么可阅读的吗 ? Nín yǒu shé me kě yuèdú de ma? 您有什_ 可___ 吗 ? N__ y__ s__ m_ k_ y____ d_ m__ 您有什么可阅读的吗 ? Nín yǒu shé me kě yuèdú de ma? _ _ __ ____ _ _ ___ ___ ___ __ __ _____ __ ___ 您有什么可阅读的吗 ? Nín yǒu shé me kě yuèdú de ma?
Can one get something to eat and to drink here?	这_ 能买_吃_ 和喝_ 吗？ Z_è_ǐ n_n_ m_i d_o c_ī d_ h_ h_ d_ m_? 这里能买到吃的和喝的吗？ Zhèlǐ néng mǎi dào chī de hé hē de ma? 这_ 能买___ 和喝_ 吗？ Z____ n___ m__ d__ c__ d_ h_ h_ d_ m__ 这里能买到吃的和喝的吗？ Zhèlǐ néng mǎi dào chī de hé hē de ma? __ _ ____ _ __ _ _ _____ ____ ___ ___ ___ __ __ __ __ ___ 这里能买到吃的和喝的吗？ Zhèlǐ néng mǎi dào chī de hé hē de ma?
Could you please wake me up at 7 o’clock?	您能在七_钟把我叫_ 吗 ? N_n n_n_ z_i q_ d_ǎ_ z_ō_g b_ w_ j_à_ x_n_ m_? 您能在七点钟把我叫醒吗 ? Nín néng zài qī diǎn zhōng bǎ wǒ jiào xǐng ma? 您能在七__ 把我叫_ 吗 ? N__ n___ z__ q_ d___ z____ b_ w_ j___ x___ m__ 您能在七点钟把我叫醒吗 ? Nín néng zài qī diǎn zhōng bǎ wǒ jiào xǐng ma? _ _ _ ___ _ _ __ _ _ ___ ____ ___ __ ____ _____ __ __ ____ ____ ___ 您能在七点钟把我叫醒吗 ? Nín néng zài qī diǎn zhōng bǎ wǒ jiào xǐng ma?

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The development of language

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