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74 [seventy-four]

asking for something

74 [ሰብዓንኣርባዕተን] 74 [sebi‘ani’ariba‘iteni]	ገለ ምልማን gele milimani

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The indigenous languages of America

Many different languages are spoken in America. English is the main language in North America. Spanish and Portuguese dominate in South America. All of these languages came to America from Europe. Before colonization, other languages were spoken there. These languages are known as the indigenous languages of America. Until today, they haven't been explored substantially. The variety of these languages is enormous. It is estimated that there are about 60 language families in North America. In South America there could even be as many as 150. Additionally, there are many isolated languages. All of these languages are very different. They exhibit only a few common structures. Therefore, it is difficult to classify the languages. The reason for their differences lies in the history of America. America was colonized in several stages. The first people came to America more than 10,000 years ago. Each population brought its language to the continent. The indigenous languages are most similar to Asian languages. The situation regarding America's ancient languages isn't the same everywhere. Many Native American languages are still in use in South America. Languages like Guarani or Quechua have millions of active speakers. By contrast, many languages in North America are almost extinct. The culture of the Native Americans of North America was long oppressed. In the process, their languages were lost. But interest in them has increased in the last few decades. There are many programs that aim to nurture and protect the languages. So they could have a future after all…

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Can you cut my hair?	ጸ_ረ_ ክ_ቅ_ቅ_ኒ ት_እ_ ዶ_ t_’_g_r_y_ k_t_k_i_i_’_m_n_ t_h_i_i_i d_? ጸጉረይ ክትቅምቅመኒ ትኽእል ዶ? ts’egureyi kitik’imik’imenī tiẖi’ili do? ጸ___ ክ______ ት___ ዶ_ t_________ k_______________ t________ d__ ጸጉረይ ክትቅምቅመኒ ትኽእል ዶ? ts’egureyi kitik’imik’imenī tiẖi’ili do? ____ _______ ____ __ __________ ________________ _________ ___ ጸጉረይ ክትቅምቅመኒ ትኽእል ዶ? ts’egureyi kitik’imik’imenī tiẖi’ili do?
Not too short, please.	ኣ_ኹ_ ኣ_ት_ጽ_ዎ በ_ኹ_። a_ī_̱_m_ a_i_i_̣_t_’_r_w_ b_j_h_u_i_ ኣዚኹም ኣይትሕጽርዎ በጃኹም። azīẖumi ayitiḥits’iriwo bejaẖumi። ኣ___ ኣ______ በ____ a_______ a_______________ b_________ ኣዚኹም ኣይትሕጽርዎ በጃኹም። azīẖumi ayitiḥits’iriwo bejaẖumi። ____ _______ _____ ________ ________________ __________ ኣዚኹም ኣይትሕጽርዎ በጃኹም። azīẖumi ayitiḥits’iriwo bejaẖumi።
A bit shorter, please.	ቁ_ብ ሕ_ር ዝ_ለ በ_ኹ_። k_u_u_i h_i_s_i_i z_b_l_ b_j_h_u_i_ ቁሩብ ሕጽር ዝበለ በጃኹም። k’urubi ḥits’iri zibele bejaẖumi። ቁ__ ሕ__ ዝ__ በ____ k______ h________ z_____ b_________ ቁሩብ ሕጽር ዝበለ በጃኹም። k’urubi ḥits’iri zibele bejaẖumi። ___ ___ ___ _____ _______ _________ ______ __________ ቁሩብ ሕጽር ዝበለ በጃኹም። k’urubi ḥits’iri zibele bejaẖumi።

Can you develop the pictures?	እ_ም ን_እ_ታ_ ከ_ም_ብ_ም ት_እ_ ዶ_ i_o_i n_s_’_l_t_t_ k_t_m_‘_b_l_m_ t_h_i_i_u d_? እቶም ንስእልታት ከተምዓብሎም ትኽእሉ ዶ? itomi nisi’ilitati ketemi‘abilomi tiẖi’ilu do? እ__ ን_____ ከ______ ት___ ዶ_ i____ n___________ k_____________ t________ d__ እቶም ንስእልታት ከተምዓብሎም ትኽእሉ ዶ? itomi nisi’ilitati ketemi‘abilomi tiẖi’ilu do? ___ ______ _______ ____ __ _____ ____________ ______________ _________ ___ እቶም ንስእልታት ከተምዓብሎም ትኽእሉ ዶ? itomi nisi’ilitati ketemi‘abilomi tiẖi’ilu do?
The pictures are on the CD.	ስ_ል_ት ኣ_ C_ እ_ም ዘ_ው_ s_’_l_t_t_ a_i C_ i_o_i z_l_w_። ስእልታት ኣብ CD እዮም ዘለው። si’ilitati abi CD iyomi zelewi። ስ____ ኣ_ C_ እ__ ዘ___ s_________ a__ C_ i____ z______ ስእልታት ኣብ CD እዮም ዘለው። si’ilitati abi CD iyomi zelewi። _____ __ __ ___ ____ __________ ___ __ _____ _______ ስእልታት ኣብ CD እዮም ዘለው። si’ilitati abi CD iyomi zelewi።
The pictures are in the camera.	ስ_ል_ት ኣ_ ካ_ራ እ_ም ዘ_ው_ s_’_l_t_t_ a_i k_m_r_ i_o_i z_l_w_። ስእልታት ኣብ ካመራ እዮም ዘለው። si’ilitati abi kamera iyomi zelewi። ስ____ ኣ_ ካ__ እ__ ዘ___ s_________ a__ k_____ i____ z______ ስእልታት ኣብ ካመራ እዮም ዘለው። si’ilitati abi kamera iyomi zelewi። _____ __ ___ ___ ____ __________ ___ ______ _____ _______ ስእልታት ኣብ ካመራ እዮም ዘለው። si’ilitati abi kamera iyomi zelewi።

Can you fix the clock?	ነ_ ሰ_ት ከ_ዐ_ዩ_ ት_እ_ ዶ_ n_t_ s_‘_t_ k_t_‘_r_y_w_ t_h_i_i_u d_? ነታ ሰዓት ከተዐርዩዋ ትኽእሉ ዶ? neta se‘ati kete‘āriyuwa tiẖi’ilu do? ነ_ ሰ__ ከ_____ ት___ ዶ_ n___ s_____ k___________ t________ d__ ነታ ሰዓት ከተዐርዩዋ ትኽእሉ ዶ? neta se‘ati kete‘āriyuwa tiẖi’ilu do? __ ___ ______ ____ __ ____ ______ ____________ _________ ___ ነታ ሰዓት ከተዐርዩዋ ትኽእሉ ዶ? neta se‘ati kete‘āriyuwa tiẖi’ilu do?
The glass is broken.	እ_ ቤ_ሮ ተ_ላ_ዩ እ_። i_ī b_t_r_ t_b_l_s_i_u i_u_ እቲ ቤትሮ ተበላሽዩ እዩ። itī bētiro tebelashiyu iyu። እ_ ቤ__ ተ____ እ__ i__ b_____ t__________ i___ እቲ ቤትሮ ተበላሽዩ እዩ። itī bētiro tebelashiyu iyu። __ ___ _____ ___ ___ ______ ___________ ____ እቲ ቤትሮ ተበላሽዩ እዩ። itī bētiro tebelashiyu iyu።
The battery is dead / empty.	እ_ ባ_ሪ ወ_ኡ እ_። i_ī b_t_r_ w_d_’_ i_u_ እቲ ባትሪ ወዲኡ እዩ። itī batirī wedī’u iyu። እ_ ባ__ ወ__ እ__ i__ b_____ w_____ i___ እቲ ባትሪ ወዲኡ እዩ። itī batirī wedī’u iyu። __ ___ ___ ___ ___ ______ ______ ____ እቲ ባትሪ ወዲኡ እዩ። itī batirī wedī’u iyu።

Can you iron the shirt?	ነ_ ካ_ቻ ከ_ስ_ር_ዎ ት_እ_ ዶ_ n_z_ k_m_c_a k_t_s_t_r_r_w_ t_h_i_i_u d_? ነዚ ካምቻ ከተስታርርዎ ትኽእሉ ዶ? nezī kamicha ketesitaririwo tiẖi’ilu do? ነ_ ካ__ ከ______ ት___ ዶ_ n___ k______ k_____________ t________ d__ ነዚ ካምቻ ከተስታርርዎ ትኽእሉ ዶ? nezī kamicha ketesitaririwo tiẖi’ilu do? __ ___ _______ ____ __ ____ _______ ______________ _________ ___ ነዚ ካምቻ ከተስታርርዎ ትኽእሉ ዶ? nezī kamicha ketesitaririwo tiẖi’ilu do?
Can you clean the pants / trousers?	ነ_ ስ_ ክ_ጽ_ይ_ ት_እ_ ዶ_ n_t_ s_r_ k_t_t_’_r_y_w_ t_h_i_i_u d_? ነቲ ስረ ክተጽርይዎ ትኽእሉ ዶ? netī sire kitets’iriyiwo tiẖi’ilu do? ነ_ ስ_ ክ_____ ት___ ዶ_ n___ s___ k_____________ t________ d__ ነቲ ስረ ክተጽርይዎ ትኽእሉ ዶ? netī sire kitets’iriyiwo tiẖi’ilu do? __ __ ______ ____ __ ____ ____ ______________ _________ ___ ነቲ ስረ ክተጽርይዎ ትኽእሉ ዶ? netī sire kitets’iriyiwo tiẖi’ilu do?
Can you fix the shoes?	ነ_ ጫ_ ከ_ዐ_ዩ_ ት_እ_ ዲ_ም ? n_z_ c_’_m_ k_t_‘_r_y_w_ t_h_i_i_u d_h_u_i ? ነዚ ጫማ ከተዐርዩዎ ትኽእሉ ዲኹም ? nezī ch’ama kete‘āriyuwo tiẖi’ilu dīẖumi ? ነ_ ጫ_ ከ_____ ት___ ዲ__ ? n___ c_____ k___________ t________ d______ ? ነዚ ጫማ ከተዐርዩዎ ትኽእሉ ዲኹም ? nezī ch’ama kete‘āriyuwo tiẖi’ilu dīẖumi ? __ __ ______ ____ ___ _ ____ ______ ____________ _________ _______ _ ነዚ ጫማ ከተዐርዩዎ ትኽእሉ ዲኹም ? nezī ch’ama kete‘āriyuwo tiẖi’ilu dīẖumi ?

Do you have a light?	ሓ_ ክ_ህ_ኒ ዶ ት_እ_? h_a_ī k_t_h_b_n_ d_ t_h_i_i_u_ ሓዊ ክትህቡኒ ዶ ትኽእሉ? ḥawī kitihibunī do tiẖi’ilu? ሓ_ ክ____ ዶ ት____ h____ k_________ d_ t_________ ሓዊ ክትህቡኒ ዶ ትኽእሉ? ḥawī kitihibunī do tiẖi’ilu? __ _____ _ _____ _____ __________ __ __________ ሓዊ ክትህቡኒ ዶ ትኽእሉ? ḥawī kitihibunī do tiẖi’ilu?
Do you have a match or a lighter?	ክ_ቢ_ ወ_ ላ_ተ_ ኣ_ኩ_ ዲ_? k_r_b_t_ w_y_ l_y_t_r_ a_o_u_i d_y_? ክርቢት ወይ ላይተር ኣሎኩም ዲዩ? kiribīti weyi layiteri alokumi dīyu? ክ___ ወ_ ላ___ ኣ___ ዲ__ k_______ w___ l_______ a______ d____ ክርቢት ወይ ላይተር ኣሎኩም ዲዩ? kiribīti weyi layiteri alokumi dīyu? ____ __ ____ ____ ___ ________ ____ ________ _______ _____ ክርቢት ወይ ላይተር ኣሎኩም ዲዩ? kiribīti weyi layiteri alokumi dīyu?
Do you have an ashtray?	ና_ ሽ_ራ መ_ገ_ ኣ_ኩ_ ዲ_? n_y_ s_i_a_a m_n_g_f_ a_e_u_i d_y_? ናይ ሽጋራ መንገፊ ኣለኩም ዲዩ? nayi shigara menigefī alekumi dīyu? ና_ ሽ__ መ___ ኣ___ ዲ__ n___ s______ m_______ a______ d____ ናይ ሽጋራ መንገፊ ኣለኩም ዲዩ? nayi shigara menigefī alekumi dīyu? __ ___ ____ ____ ___ ____ _______ ________ _______ _____ ናይ ሽጋራ መንገፊ ኣለኩም ዲዩ? nayi shigara menigefī alekumi dīyu?

Do you smoke cigars?	ሽ_ራ ት_ክ_ ዲ_ም_ s_i_a_a t_t_k_h_u d_h_u_i_ ሽጋራ ትትክኹ ዲኹም? shigara titikiẖu dīẖumi? ሽ__ ት___ ዲ___ s______ t________ d_______ ሽጋራ ትትክኹ ዲኹም? shigara titikiẖu dīẖumi? ___ ____ ____ _______ _________ ________ ሽጋራ ትትክኹ ዲኹም? shigara titikiẖu dīẖumi?
Do you smoke cigarettes?	ሽ_ራ ት_ክ_ ዲ_ም_ s_i_a_a t_t_k_h_u d_h_u_i_ ሽጋራ ትትክኹ ዲኹም? shigara titikiẖu dīẖumi? ሽ__ ት___ ዲ___ s______ t________ d_______ ሽጋራ ትትክኹ ዲኹም? shigara titikiẖu dīẖumi? ___ ____ ____ _______ _________ ________ ሽጋራ ትትክኹ ዲኹም? shigara titikiẖu dīẖumi?
Do you smoke a pipe?	ሻ_ብ_ ዓ_ነ_ ት_ክ_ ዲ_ም_ s_a_i_i_’_ ‘_y_n_t_ t_t_k_h_u d_h_u_i_ ሻምብቆ ዓይነት ትትክኹ ዲኹም? shamibik’o ‘ayineti titikiẖu dīẖumi? ሻ___ ዓ___ ት___ ዲ___ s_________ ‘_______ t________ d_______ ሻምብቆ ዓይነት ትትክኹ ዲኹም? shamibik’o ‘ayineti titikiẖu dīẖumi? ____ ____ ____ ____ __________ ________ _________ ________ ሻምብቆ ዓይነት ትትክኹ ዲኹም? shamibik’o ‘ayineti titikiẖu dīẖumi?

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The indigenous languages of America

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