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88 [ottantotto]

Passato – Verbi modali 2

88 [eighty-eight]	Past tense of modal verbs 2

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I bambini crescono ed apprendono velocemente.

Gli studi in materia non hanno ancora chiarito come avvengano i processi di apprendimento. Questi ultimi sono così automatici, che i bambini non si rendono neanche conto che il loro apprendimento avviene giorno dopo giorno. Questo fenomeno riguarda anche la lingua. Nei primi mesi di vita i neonati sanno solo strillare; dopo 2 mesi, imparano ad articolare brevi parole. Le parole brevi diventano presto delle frasi e arriva un momento in cui il bambino impara la lingua madre. Negli adulti, l’apprendimento segue un percorso diverso e si basa sullo studio di libri o di altro materiale. Solo in questo modo, gli adulti riescono ad imparare le regole grammaticali. I neonati, a quanto pare, imparerebbero le regole grammaticali già all’età di quattro mesi. I ricercatori hanno somministrato ad alcuni bambini tedeschi le regole grammaticali di una lingua straniera, l’italiano. Le frasi contenevano determinate strutture sintattiche. I bambini ascoltavano per quindici minuti le frasi corrette. Dopo averle imparate, ai neonati venivano presentate di nuovo queste frasi, ma non tutte erano corrette. Durante l’ascolto delle frasi, venivano misurate le loro onde cerebrali, per valutare la reazione del cervello nei confronti delle frasi. In questo caso, i neonati presentavano diversi gradi di attività mentale. Anche se avevano imparato le frasi solo da poco, riuscivano ad identificare gli errori. Naturalmente non erano in grado di capire perché le frasi fossero errate. Seguivano semplicemente il modello dei suoni presentati. Questo basta per apprendere una lingua - almeno nel caso dei neonati … Lo spagnolo

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Mio figlio non voleva giocare con la bambola.	M_ s_n d_d n_t w_n_ t_ p_a_ w_t_ t_e d_l_. My son did not want to play with the doll. M_ s__ d__ n__ w___ t_ p___ w___ t__ d____ My son did not want to play with the doll. __ ___ ___ ___ ____ __ ____ ____ ___ _____ My son did not want to play with the doll.
Mia figlia non voleva giocare a pallone.	M_ d_u_h_e_ d_d n_t w_n_ t_ p_a_ f_o_b_l_ / s_c_e_ (_m_)_ My daughter did not want to play football / soccer (am.). M_ d_______ d__ n__ w___ t_ p___ f_______ / s_____ (_____ My daughter did not want to play football / soccer (am.). __ ________ ___ ___ ____ __ ____ ________ _ ______ ______ My daughter did not want to play football / soccer (am.).
Mia moglie non voleva giocare a scacchi con me.	M_ w_f_ d_d n_t w_n_ t_ p_a_ c_e_s w_t_ m_. My wife did not want to play chess with me. M_ w___ d__ n__ w___ t_ p___ c____ w___ m__ My wife did not want to play chess with me. __ ____ ___ ___ ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ___ My wife did not want to play chess with me.

I miei figli non volevano fare una passeggiata.	M_ c_i_d_e_ d_d n_t w_n_ t_ g_ f_r a w_l_. My children did not want to go for a walk. M_ c_______ d__ n__ w___ t_ g_ f__ a w____ My children did not want to go for a walk. __ ________ ___ ___ ____ __ __ ___ _ _____ My children did not want to go for a walk.
Non volevano riordinare la camera.	T_e_ d_d n_t w_n_ t_ t_d_ t_e r_o_. They did not want to tidy the room. T___ d__ n__ w___ t_ t___ t__ r____ They did not want to tidy the room. ____ ___ ___ ____ __ ____ ___ _____ They did not want to tidy the room.
Non volevano andare a letto.	T_e_ d_d n_t w_n_ t_ g_ t_ b_d_ They did not want to go to bed. T___ d__ n__ w___ t_ g_ t_ b___ They did not want to go to bed. ____ ___ ___ ____ __ __ __ ____ They did not want to go to bed.

Lui non poteva mangiare il gelato.	H_ w_s n_t a_l_w_d t_ e_t i_e c_e_m_ He was not allowed to eat ice cream. H_ w__ n__ a______ t_ e__ i__ c_____ He was not allowed to eat ice cream. __ ___ ___ _______ __ ___ ___ ______ He was not allowed to eat ice cream.
Lui non poteva mangiare il cioccolato.	H_ w_s n_t a_l_w_d t_ e_t c_o_o_a_e_ He was not allowed to eat chocolate. H_ w__ n__ a______ t_ e__ c_________ He was not allowed to eat chocolate. __ ___ ___ _______ __ ___ __________ He was not allowed to eat chocolate.
Lui non poteva mangiare le caramelle.	H_ w_s n_t a_l_w_d t_ e_t s_e_t_. He was not allowed to eat sweets. H_ w__ n__ a______ t_ e__ s______ He was not allowed to eat sweets. __ ___ ___ _______ __ ___ _______ He was not allowed to eat sweets.

Ho potuto esprimere un desiderio.	I w_s a_l_w_d t_ m_k_ a w_s_. I was allowed to make a wish. I w__ a______ t_ m___ a w____ I was allowed to make a wish. _ ___ _______ __ ____ _ _____ I was allowed to make a wish.
Ho potuto comprarmi un vestito.	I w_s a_l_w_d t_ b_y m_s_l_ a d_e_s_ I was allowed to buy myself a dress. I w__ a______ t_ b__ m_____ a d_____ I was allowed to buy myself a dress. _ ___ _______ __ ___ ______ _ ______ I was allowed to buy myself a dress.
Ho potuto prendere un cioccolatino.	I w_s a_l_w_d t_ t_k_ a c_o_o_a_e_ I was allowed to take a chocolate. I w__ a______ t_ t___ a c_________ I was allowed to take a chocolate. _ ___ _______ __ ____ _ __________ I was allowed to take a chocolate.

Potevi fumare in aereo?	W_r_ y_u a_l_w_d t_ s_o_e i_ t_e a_r_l_n_? Were you allowed to smoke in the airplane? W___ y__ a______ t_ s____ i_ t__ a________ Were you allowed to smoke in the airplane? ____ ___ _______ __ _____ __ ___ _________ Were you allowed to smoke in the airplane?
Potevi bere la birra in ospedale?	W_r_ y_u a_l_w_d t_ d_i_k b_e_ i_ t_e h_s_i_a_? Were you allowed to drink beer in the hospital? W___ y__ a______ t_ d____ b___ i_ t__ h________ Were you allowed to drink beer in the hospital? ____ ___ _______ __ _____ ____ __ ___ _________ Were you allowed to drink beer in the hospital?
Potevi portare il cane in albergo?	W_r_ y_u a_l_w_d t_ t_k_ t_e d_g i_t_ t_e h_t_l_ Were you allowed to take the dog into the hotel? W___ y__ a______ t_ t___ t__ d__ i___ t__ h_____ Were you allowed to take the dog into the hotel? ____ ___ _______ __ ____ ___ ___ ____ ___ ______ Were you allowed to take the dog into the hotel?

Durante le vacanze i bambini potevano restare a lungo fuori.	D_r_n_ t_e h_l_d_y_ t_e c_i_d_e_ w_r_ a_l_w_d t_ r_m_i_ o_t_i_e l_t_. During the holidays the children were allowed to remain outside late. D_____ t__ h_______ t__ c_______ w___ a______ t_ r_____ o______ l____ During the holidays the children were allowed to remain outside late. ______ ___ ________ ___ ________ ____ _______ __ ______ _______ _____ During the holidays the children were allowed to remain outside late.
Loro potevano giocare a lungo nel cortile.	T_e_ w_r_ a_l_w_d t_ p_a_ i_ t_e y_r_ f_r a l_n_ t_m_. They were allowed to play in the yard for a long time. T___ w___ a______ t_ p___ i_ t__ y___ f__ a l___ t____ They were allowed to play in the yard for a long time. ____ ____ _______ __ ____ __ ___ ____ ___ _ ____ _____ They were allowed to play in the yard for a long time.
Loro potevano restare svegli fino a tardi.	T_e_ w_r_ a_l_w_d t_ s_a_ u_ l_t_. They were allowed to stay up late. T___ w___ a______ t_ s___ u_ l____ They were allowed to stay up late. ____ ____ _______ __ ____ __ _____ They were allowed to stay up late.

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