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77[七十七]

解释，说明某件事情3

77 [seventy-seven]	giving reasons 3

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一种语言，多种变体

即便我们只说一种语言，那也是在说多种语言。因为没有任何一种语言是一个封闭系统。每种语言都展示了许多不同层面。语言是个有生命力的体系。说话者总是让自己顺应于谈话对象。因而人们改变自己所说的语言。语言的变体以多种形式出现。比如，每种语言都有自己的历史。它曾经改变过，并且还会继续改变。比如人们发现，老年人说的话和年轻人不太一样。大多数语言也都各有着多种方言。但许多方言使用者能够适应他们所在的环境。某种情况下他们也会说标准语言。不同的社会群体有着不同的语言。比如，青少年俚语或猎人行话就是例子。大多数人在职场上说着和在家里不一样的话。许多人在工作时也使用专业术语。差异性还体现在口语和书面语上。口语通常比书面语简单得多。这两者的差异可以非常大。尤其是当书面语很长时间都没有改变时。那么说话者就必须首先学会使用这种语言的书面形式。男人和女人的语言也常常有所不同。在西方社会，男女之间语言差异并不算大。但是也有些国家，女人说着和男人很不一样的话。在某些文化里，礼貌用语有专属的语言形式。因而讲话一点都不轻松！人们必须在说话时同时注意许多不同的事......

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您为什么不吃这个蛋糕呢？	W_y a_e_’_ y_u e_t_n_ t_e c_k_? Why aren’t you eating the cake? W__ a_____ y__ e_____ t__ c____ Why aren’t you eating the cake? ___ ______ ___ ______ ___ _____ Why aren’t you eating the cake?
我必须减肥。	I m_s_ l_s_ w_i_h_. I must lose weight. I m___ l___ w______ I must lose weight. _ ____ ____ _______ I must lose weight.
我不能吃它（蛋糕），因为我必须减肥。	I_m n_t e_t_n_ i_ b_c_u_e I m_s_ l_s_ w_i_h_. I’m not eating it because I must lose weight. I__ n__ e_____ i_ b______ I m___ l___ w______ I’m not eating it because I must lose weight. ___ ___ ______ __ _______ _ ____ ____ _______ I’m not eating it because I must lose weight.

您为什么不喝啤酒呢？	W_y a_e_’_ y_u d_i_k_n_ t_e b_e_? Why aren’t you drinking the beer? W__ a_____ y__ d_______ t__ b____ Why aren’t you drinking the beer? ___ ______ ___ ________ ___ _____ Why aren’t you drinking the beer?
我还得开车。	I h_v_ t_ d_i_e_ I have to drive. I h___ t_ d_____ I have to drive. _ ____ __ ______ I have to drive.
我不能喝（这啤酒），因为我还得开车呢。	I_m n_t d_i_k_n_ i_ b_c_u_e I h_v_ t_ d_i_e_ I’m not drinking it because I have to drive. I__ n__ d_______ i_ b______ I h___ t_ d_____ I’m not drinking it because I have to drive. ___ ___ ________ __ _______ _ ____ __ ______ I’m not drinking it because I have to drive.

你为什么不喝咖啡呢？	W_y a_e_’_ y_u d_i_k_n_ t_e c_f_e_? Why aren’t you drinking the coffee? W__ a_____ y__ d_______ t__ c______ Why aren’t you drinking the coffee? ___ ______ ___ ________ ___ _______ Why aren’t you drinking the coffee?
它凉了。	I_ i_ c_l_. It is cold. I_ i_ c____ It is cold. __ __ _____ It is cold.
我不喝它（咖啡），因为它凉了。	I_m n_t d_i_k_n_ i_ b_c_u_e i_ i_ c_l_. I’m not drinking it because it is cold. I__ n__ d_______ i_ b______ i_ i_ c____ I’m not drinking it because it is cold. ___ ___ ________ __ _______ __ __ _____ I’m not drinking it because it is cold.

你为什么不喝这茶呢？	W_y a_e_’_ y_u d_i_k_n_ t_e t_a_ Why aren’t you drinking the tea? W__ a_____ y__ d_______ t__ t___ Why aren’t you drinking the tea? ___ ______ ___ ________ ___ ____ Why aren’t you drinking the tea?
我没有糖。	I h_v_ n_ s_g_r_ I have no sugar. I h___ n_ s_____ I have no sugar. _ ____ __ ______ I have no sugar.
我不喝它（茶），因为我没有糖。	I_m n_t d_i_k_n_ i_ b_c_u_e I d_n_t h_v_ a_y s_g_r_ I’m not drinking it because I don’t have any sugar. I__ n__ d_______ i_ b______ I d____ h___ a__ s_____ I’m not drinking it because I don’t have any sugar. ___ ___ ________ __ _______ _ _____ ____ ___ ______ I’m not drinking it because I don’t have any sugar.

您为什么不喝这汤呢？	W_y a_e_’_ y_u e_t_n_ t_e s_u_? Why aren’t you eating the soup? W__ a_____ y__ e_____ t__ s____ Why aren’t you eating the soup? ___ ______ ___ ______ ___ _____ Why aren’t you eating the soup?
我没有点它。	I d_d_’_ o_d_r i_. I didn’t order it. I d_____ o____ i__ I didn’t order it. _ ______ _____ ___ I didn’t order it.
我不喝它（汤），因为我没有点它。	I_m n_t e_t_n_ i_ b_c_u_e I d_d_’_ o_d_r i_. I’m not eating it because I didn’t order it. I__ n__ e_____ i_ b______ I d_____ o____ i__ I’m not eating it because I didn’t order it. ___ ___ ______ __ _______ _ ______ _____ ___ I’m not eating it because I didn’t order it.

您为什么不吃这肉呢？	W_y d_n_t y_u e_t t_e m_a_? Why don’t you eat the meat? W__ d____ y__ e__ t__ m____ Why don’t you eat the meat? ___ _____ ___ ___ ___ _____ Why don’t you eat the meat?
我是素食者。	I a_ a v_g_t_r_a_. I am a vegetarian. I a_ a v__________ I am a vegetarian. _ __ _ ___________ I am a vegetarian.
我不吃它（肉），因为我是素食者。	I_m n_t e_t_n_ i_ b_c_u_e I a_ a v_g_t_r_a_. I’m not eating it because I am a vegetarian. I__ n__ e_____ i_ b______ I a_ a v__________ I’m not eating it because I am a vegetarian. ___ ___ ______ __ _______ _ __ _ ___________ I’m not eating it because I am a vegetarian.

常用语手册

一种语言，多种变体

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