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89 [eighty-nine]

Imperative 1

89 [тIокIиплIырэ бгъурэ] 89 [tIokIiplIyrje bgurje]	Унэшъо шъуашэр 1 Unjesho shuashjer 1

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The Spanish language

The Spanish language belongs to the world languages. It is the native language of more than 380 million people. Additionally, there are many people who speak it as their second language. That makes Spanish one of the most significant languages on the planet. It is also the largest of all the Romance languages. Spanish speakers call their language español or castellano . The term castellano reveals the origin of the Spanish language. It developed from the vernacular spoken in the Castille region. Most Spaniards spoke castellano as early as the 16th century. Today the terms español and castellano are used interchangeably. But they can also have a political dimension. Spanish was dispersed by conquests and colonization. Spanish is also spoken in West Africa and in the Philippines. But the most Spanish-speaking people live in America. In Central and South America, Spanish is the dominant language. However, the number of Spanish-speaking people is also increasing in the USA. About 50 million people in the USA speak Spanish. That's more than in Spain! The Spanish in America is different from European Spanish. The differences are found in the vocabulary and grammar more than anything else. In America, for example, a different past tense form is used. There are also many differences in vocabulary. Some words are only used in America, others only in Spain. But Spanish isn't even uniform in America. There are many different varieties of American Spanish. After English, Spanish is the most learned foreign language worldwide. And it can be learned relatively quickly. What are you waiting for? - ¡Vamos!

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You are so lazy – don’t be so lazy!	О у_э_э_ъ_ь_х_н_р – а_э_щ_э_ у_ы_ъ_ь_х_н_ O u_j_r_e_h_'_h_n_e_ – a_j_u_h_t_e_ u_y_h_'_h_n_ О узэрэшъхьахынэр – арэущтэу умышъхьахын! O uzjerjeshh'ahynjer – arjeushhtjeu umyshh'ahyn! О у______________ – а_______ у___________ O u_________________ – a___________ u___________ О узэрэшъхьахынэр – арэущтэу умышъхьахын! O uzjerjeshh'ahynjer – arjeushhtjeu umyshh'ahyn! _ _______________ _ ________ ____________ _ __________________ _ ____________ ____________ О узэрэшъхьахынэр – арэущтэу умышъхьахын! O uzjerjeshh'ahynjer – arjeushhtjeu umyshh'ahyn!
You sleep for so long – don’t sleep so late!	О б_р_ у_э_э_ъ_е_э_ – б_щ_р_ у_ы_ъ_й_ O b_e_j_ u_j_r_e_h_e_j_r – b_s_h_e_j_ u_y_h_j_ О бэрэ узэрэчъыерэр – бащэрэ умычъый! O bjerje uzjerjechyerjer – bashhjerje umychyj! О б___ у___________ – б_____ у_______ O b_____ u______________ – b_________ u_______ О бэрэ узэрэчъыерэр – бащэрэ умычъый! O bjerje uzjerjechyerjer – bashhjerje umychyj! _ ____ ____________ _ ______ ________ _ ______ _______________ _ __________ ________ О бэрэ узэрэчъыерэр – бащэрэ умычъый! O bjerje uzjerjechyerjer – bashhjerje umychyj!
You come home so late – don’t come home so late!	Х_к_о_а_ъ_у у_ъ_х_к_ы_ь_ – а_э_щ_э_ х_к_о_а_ъ_у у_ъ_м_к_о_ь_ H_e_I_t_g_e_ u_y_j_k_y_h_y – a_j_u_h_t_e_ h_e_I_t_g_e_ u_j_m_k_o_h_! ХэкIотагъэу укъыхэкIыжьы – арэущтэу хэкIотагъэу укъэмыкIожь! HjekIotagjeu ukyhjekIyzh'y – arjeushhtjeu hjekIotagjeu ukjemykIozh'! Х__________ у___________ – а_______ х__________ у___________ H___________ u____________ – a___________ h___________ u____________ ХэкIотагъэу укъыхэкIыжьы – арэущтэу хэкIотагъэу укъэмыкIожь! HjekIotagjeu ukyhjekIyzh'y – arjeushhtjeu hjekIotagjeu ukjemykIozh'! ___________ ____________ _ ________ ___________ ____________ ____________ _____________ _ ____________ ____________ _____________ ХэкIотагъэу укъыхэкIыжьы – арэущтэу хэкIотагъэу укъэмыкIожь! HjekIotagjeu ukyhjekIyzh'y – arjeushhtjeu hjekIotagjeu ukjemykIozh'!

You laugh so loudly – don’t laugh so loudly!	О л_э_э_ у_э_э_х_р_р – а_э_щ_э_ л_э_ы_э_ у_ы_х_ O l_e_h_e_ u_j_r_e_h_h_r_e_ – a_j_u_h_t_e_ l_e_h_s_h_e_ u_y_h_h_ О лъэшэу узэрэщхырэр – арэущтэу лъэшыщэу умыщх! O ljeshjeu uzjerjeshhhyrjer – arjeushhtjeu ljeshyshhjeu umyshhh! О л_____ у__________ – а_______ л_______ у_____ O l_______ u_______________ – a___________ l___________ u_______ О лъэшэу узэрэщхырэр – арэущтэу лъэшыщэу умыщх! O ljeshjeu uzjerjeshhhyrjer – arjeushhtjeu ljeshyshhjeu umyshhh! _ ______ ___________ _ ________ ________ ______ _ ________ ________________ _ ____________ ____________ ________ О лъэшэу узэрэщхырэр – арэущтэу лъэшыщэу умыщх! O ljeshjeu uzjerjeshhhyrjer – arjeushhtjeu ljeshyshhjeu umyshhh!
You speak so softly – don’t speak so softly!	О м_к_э_ у_э_э_у_ы_э_э_ – а_э_щ_э_ м_к_э д_д_у у_ы_у_ы_! O m_k_j_u u_j_r_e_u_h_y_j_r_e_ – a_j_u_h_t_e_ m_e_I_e d_e_j_u u_y_u_h_y_! О макIэу узэрэгущыIэрэр – арэущтэу мэкIэ дэдэу умыгущыI! O makIjeu uzjerjegushhyIjerjer – arjeushhtjeu mjekIje djedjeu umygushhyI! О м_____ у_____________ – а_______ м____ д____ у________ O m______ u___________________ – a___________ m______ d______ u__________ О макIэу узэрэгущыIэрэр – арэущтэу мэкIэ дэдэу умыгущыI! O makIjeu uzjerjegushhyIjerjer – arjeushhtjeu mjekIje djedjeu umygushhyI! _ ______ ______________ _ ________ _____ _____ _________ _ _______ ____________________ _ ____________ _______ _______ ___________ О макIэу узэрэгущыIэрэр – арэущтэу мэкIэ дэдэу умыгущыI! O makIjeu uzjerjegushhyIjerjer – arjeushhtjeu mjekIje djedjeu umygushhyI!
You drink too much – don’t drink so much!	О б_щ_ у_ш_о – а_э_щ_э_ б_ у_м_ш_у_ O b_s_h_e u_s_o – a_j_u_h_t_e_ b_e u_m_s_u_ О бащэ уешъо – арэущтэу бэ уемышъу! O bashhje uesho – arjeushhtjeu bje uemyshu! О б___ у____ – а_______ б_ у_______ O b______ u____ – a___________ b__ u_______ О бащэ уешъо – арэущтэу бэ уемышъу! O bashhje uesho – arjeushhtjeu bje uemyshu! _ ____ _____ _ ________ __ ________ _ _______ _____ _ ____________ ___ ________ О бащэ уешъо – арэущтэу бэ уемышъу! O bashhje uesho – arjeushhtjeu bje uemyshu!

You smoke too much – don’t smoke so much!	Т_т_н б_щ_ и_ш_у – а_э_щ_э_ т_т_н б_щ_ и_ы_ъ_! T_t_n b_s_h_e i_s_u – a_j_u_h_t_e_ t_t_n b_s_h_e i_y_h_! Тутын бащэ иошъу – арэущтэу тутын бащэ имышъу! Tutyn bashhje ioshu – arjeushhtjeu tutyn bashhje imyshu! Т____ б___ и____ – а_______ т____ б___ и______ T____ b______ i____ – a___________ t____ b______ i______ Тутын бащэ иошъу – арэущтэу тутын бащэ имышъу! Tutyn bashhje ioshu – arjeushhtjeu tutyn bashhje imyshu! _____ ____ _____ _ ________ _____ ____ _______ _____ _______ _____ _ ____________ _____ _______ _______ Тутын бащэ иошъу – арэущтэу тутын бащэ имышъу! Tutyn bashhje ioshu – arjeushhtjeu tutyn bashhje imyshu!
You work too much – don’t work so much!	Б_щ_р_ I_ф о_I_ – а_э_щ_э_ б_щ_у I_ф у_ы_I_! B_s_h_e_j_ I_f o_h_j_ – a_j_u_h_t_e_ b_s_h_e_ I_f u_y_h_j_! Бащэрэ Iоф ошIэ – арэущтэу бащэу Iоф умышIэ! Bashhjerje Iof oshIje – arjeushhtjeu bashhjeu Iof umyshIje! Б_____ I__ о___ – а_______ б____ I__ у______ B_________ I__ o_____ – a___________ b_______ I__ u________ Бащэрэ Iоф ошIэ – арэущтэу бащэу Iоф умышIэ! Bashhjerje Iof oshIje – arjeushhtjeu bashhjeu Iof umyshIje! ______ ___ ____ _ ________ _____ ___ _______ __________ ___ ______ _ ____________ ________ ___ _________ Бащэрэ Iоф ошIэ – арэущтэу бащэу Iоф умышIэ! Bashhjerje Iof oshIje – arjeushhtjeu bashhjeu Iof umyshIje!
You drive too fast – don’t drive so fast!	П_ы_к_э_ м_ш_н_р з_о_э – а_э_щ_э_ п_ы_к_э_ м_ш_н_р з_м_ф_! P_y_k_j_u m_s_i_j_r z_o_j_ – a_j_u_h_t_e_ p_y_k_j_u m_s_i_j_r z_e_y_j_! ПсынкIэу машинэр зеофэ – арэущтэу псынкIэу машинэр зэмыфэ! PsynkIjeu mashinjer zeofje – arjeushhtjeu psynkIjeu mashinjer zjemyfje! П_______ м______ з____ – а_______ п_______ м______ з______ P________ m________ z_____ – a___________ p________ m________ z________ ПсынкIэу машинэр зеофэ – арэущтэу псынкIэу машинэр зэмыфэ! PsynkIjeu mashinjer zeofje – arjeushhtjeu psynkIjeu mashinjer zjemyfje! ________ _______ _____ _ ________ ________ _______ _______ _________ _________ ______ _ ____________ _________ _________ _________ ПсынкIэу машинэр зеофэ – арэущтэу псынкIэу машинэр зэмыфэ! PsynkIjeu mashinjer zeofje – arjeushhtjeu psynkIjeu mashinjer zjemyfje!

Get up, Mr. Miller!	З_у_х_а_э_ М_л_е_, к_э_э_ж_ Z_u_h_a_j_u M_u_l_r_ k_e_j_d_h_ Зиусхьанэу Мюллер, къэтэдж! Ziush'anjeu Mjuller, kjetjedzh! З_________ М______ к_______ Z__________ M_______ k_________ Зиусхьанэу Мюллер, къэтэдж! Ziush'anjeu Mjuller, kjetjedzh! __________ _______ ________ ___________ ________ __________ Зиусхьанэу Мюллер, къэтэдж! Ziush'anjeu Mjuller, kjetjedzh!
Sit down, Mr. Miller!	З_у_х_а_э_ М_л_е_, т_ы_! Z_u_h_a_j_u M_u_l_r_ t_y_! Зиусхьанэу Мюллер, тIыс! Ziush'anjeu Mjuller, tIys! З_________ М______ т____ Z__________ M_______ t____ Зиусхьанэу Мюллер, тIыс! Ziush'anjeu Mjuller, tIys! __________ _______ _____ ___________ ________ _____ Зиусхьанэу Мюллер, тIыс! Ziush'anjeu Mjuller, tIys!
Remain seated, Mr. Miller!	З_у_х_а_э_ М_л_е_, щ_с_ Z_u_h_a_j_u M_u_l_r_ s_h_s_ Зиусхьанэу Мюллер, щыс! Ziush'anjeu Mjuller, shhys! З_________ М______ щ___ Z__________ M_______ s_____ Зиусхьанэу Мюллер, щыс! Ziush'anjeu Mjuller, shhys! __________ _______ ____ ___________ ________ ______ Зиусхьанэу Мюллер, щыс! Ziush'anjeu Mjuller, shhys!

Be patient!	Щ_I_г_э к_ы_ы_э_ъ_г_а_! S_h_e_a_j_ k_z_h_e_h_g_f_ ЩэIагъэ къызыхэжъугъаф! ShhjeIagje kyzyhjezhugaf! Щ______ к______________ S_________ k_____________ ЩэIагъэ къызыхэжъугъаф! ShhjeIagje kyzyhjezhugaf! _______ _______________ __________ ______________ ЩэIагъэ къызыхэжъугъаф! ShhjeIagje kyzyhjezhugaf!
Take your time!	Ш_у_ы_у_а_ъ_! S_u_y_u_a_h_! Шъумыгузажъу! Shumyguzazhu! Ш____________ S____________ Шъумыгузажъу! Shumyguzazhu! _____________ _____________ Шъумыгузажъу! Shumyguzazhu!
Wait a moment!	Т_э_I_ з_ш_у_а_! T_j_k_u z_s_u_a_h_ ТIэкIу зышъуIаж! TIjekIu zyshuIazh! Т_____ з________ T______ z_________ ТIэкIу зышъуIаж! TIjekIu zyshuIazh! ______ _________ _______ __________ ТIэкIу зышъуIаж! TIjekIu zyshuIazh!

Be careful!	Ш_у_ы_э_а_ъ_ж_! S_u_y_j_s_k_z_'_ Шъузыфэсакъыжь! Shuzyfjesakyzh'! Ш______________ S_______________ Шъузыфэсакъыжь! Shuzyfjesakyzh'! _______________ ________________ Шъузыфэсакъыжь! Shuzyfjesakyzh'!
Be punctual!	П_а_ъ_м з_ж_у_ъ_х_у_I_ж_! P_a_j_m z_z_u_j_h_l_j_z_'_ ПIалъэм зежъугъэхъулIэжь! PIaljem zezhugjehulIjezh'! П______ з________________ P______ z_________________ ПIалъэм зежъугъэхъулIэжь! PIaljem zezhugjehulIjezh'! _______ _________________ _______ __________________ ПIалъэм зежъугъэхъулIэжь! PIaljem zezhugjehulIjezh'!
Don’t be stupid!	З_ш_у_ы_ъ_д_л_ Z_s_u_y_j_d_l_ Зышъумыгъэдел! Zyshumygjedel! З_____________ Z_____________ Зышъумыгъэдел! Zyshumygjedel! ______________ ______________ Зышъумыгъэдел! Zyshumygjedel!

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