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34 [thirty-four]

On the train

34 [trideset i četiri]	U vozu

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The development of language

Why we speak with each other is clear. We want to exchange ideas and understand each other. How exactly language originated, on the other hand, is less clear. Various theories exist about this. What's certain is that language is a very old phenomenon. Certain physical traits were a prerequisite for speaking. They were necessary in order for us to form sounds. People as far back as the Neanderthals had the ability to apply their voice. In this way, they could distinguish themselves from animals. Additionally, a loud, firm voice was important for defense. A person could threaten or frighten enemies with it. Back then, tools had already been made and fire had been discovered. This knowledge had to be passed along somehow. Speech was also important for hunting in groups. As early as 2 million years ago there was a simple understanding among people. The first linguistic elements were signs and gestures. But people wanted to be able to communicate in the dark too. More importantly, they also had the need to talk to each other without looking. Therefore, the voice developed, and it replaced the gestures. Language in today's sense is at least 50,000 years old. When Homo sapiens left Africa, they distributed language around the world. The languages separated from each other in the different regions. That is to say, various language families came into being. However, they only contained the fundamentals of language systems. The first languages were much less complex than languages today. They were further developed through grammar, phonology and semantics. It could be said that different languages have different solutions. But the problem was always the same: How do I show what I'm thinking?

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Is that the train to Berlin?	D_ l_ j_ t_ v_z z_ B_r_i_? Da li je to voz za Berlin? D_ l_ j_ t_ v__ z_ B______ Da li je to voz za Berlin? __ __ __ __ ___ __ _______ Da li je to voz za Berlin?
When does the train leave?	K_d_ k_e_e v_z_ Kada kreće voz? K___ k____ v___ Kada kreće voz? ____ _____ ____ Kada kreće voz?
When does the train arrive in Berlin?	K_d_ s_i_e v_z u B_r_i_? Kada stiže voz u Berlin? K___ s____ v__ u B______ Kada stiže voz u Berlin? ____ _____ ___ _ _______ Kada stiže voz u Berlin?

Excuse me, may I pass?	O_r_s_i_e_ s_i_e_ l_ p_o_i_ Oprostite, smijem li proći? O_________ s_____ l_ p_____ Oprostite, smijem li proći? __________ ______ __ ______ Oprostite, smijem li proći?
I think this is my seat.	M_s_i_ d_ j_ t_ m_j_ m_e_t_. Mislim da je to moje mjesto. M_____ d_ j_ t_ m___ m______ Mislim da je to moje mjesto. ______ __ __ __ ____ _______ Mislim da je to moje mjesto.
I think you’re sitting in my seat.	M_s_i_ d_ s_e_i_e n_ m_m m_e_t_. Mislim da sjedite na mom mjestu. M_____ d_ s______ n_ m__ m______ Mislim da sjedite na mom mjestu. ______ __ _______ __ ___ _______ Mislim da sjedite na mom mjestu.

Where is the sleeper?	G_j_ s_ k_l_ z_ s_a_a_j_? Gdje su kola za spavanje? G___ s_ k___ z_ s________ Gdje su kola za spavanje? ____ __ ____ __ _________ Gdje su kola za spavanje?
The sleeper is at the end of the train.	K_l_ z_ s_a_a_j_ s_ n_ k_a_u v_z_. Kola za spavanje su na kraju voza. K___ z_ s_______ s_ n_ k____ v____ Kola za spavanje su na kraju voza. ____ __ ________ __ __ _____ _____ Kola za spavanje su na kraju voza.
And where is the dining car? – At the front.	A g_j_ j_ v_g_n z_ r_č_v_n_e_ – N_ p_č_t_u_ A gdje je vagon za ručavanje? – Na početku. A g___ j_ v____ z_ r_________ – N_ p_______ A gdje je vagon za ručavanje? – Na početku. _ ____ __ _____ __ __________ _ __ ________ A gdje je vagon za ručavanje? – Na početku.

Can I sleep below?	M_g_ l_ s_a_a_i d_l_? Mogu li spavati dole? M___ l_ s______ d____ Mogu li spavati dole? ____ __ _______ _____ Mogu li spavati dole?
Can I sleep in the middle?	M_g_ l_ s_a_a_i u s_e_i_i_ Mogu li spavati u sredini? M___ l_ s______ u s_______ Mogu li spavati u sredini? ____ __ _______ _ ________ Mogu li spavati u sredini?
Can I sleep at the top?	M_g_ l_ s_a_a_i g_r_? Mogu li spavati gore? M___ l_ s______ g____ Mogu li spavati gore? ____ __ _______ _____ Mogu li spavati gore?

When will we get to the border?	K_d_ s_o n_ g_a_i_i_ Kada smo na granici? K___ s__ n_ g_______ Kada smo na granici? ____ ___ __ ________ Kada smo na granici?
How long does the journey to Berlin take?	K_l_k_ t_a_e v_ž_j_ d_ B_r_i_a_ Koliko traje vožnja do Berlina? K_____ t____ v_____ d_ B_______ Koliko traje vožnja do Berlina? ______ _____ ______ __ ________ Koliko traje vožnja do Berlina?
Is the train delayed?	D_ l_ v_z k_s_i_ Da li voz kasni? D_ l_ v__ k_____ Da li voz kasni? __ __ ___ ______ Da li voz kasni?

Do you have something to read?	I_a_e l_ n_š_o z_ č_t_t_? Imate li nešto za čitati? I____ l_ n____ z_ č______ Imate li nešto za čitati? _____ __ _____ __ _______ Imate li nešto za čitati?
Can one get something to eat and to drink here?	M_ž_ l_ s_ o_d_e d_b_t_ n_š_o z_ j_s_i i p_t_? Može li se ovdje dobiti nešto za jesti i piti? M___ l_ s_ o____ d_____ n____ z_ j____ i p____ Može li se ovdje dobiti nešto za jesti i piti? ____ __ __ _____ ______ _____ __ _____ _ _____ Može li se ovdje dobiti nešto za jesti i piti?
Could you please wake me up at 7 o’clock?	D_ l_ b_s_e m_ m_l_m p_o_u_i_i u 7 s_t_? Da li biste me molim probudili u 7 sati? D_ l_ b____ m_ m____ p________ u 7 s____ Da li biste me molim probudili u 7 sati? __ __ _____ __ _____ _________ _ _ _____ Da li biste me molim probudili u 7 sati?

Phrasebook

The development of language

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