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87 [eighty-seven]

Past tense of modal verbs 1

87 [okdek sep]	Is-tempo de la modalverboj 1

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The Chinese language

The Chinese language has the most speakers worldwide. However, there is not one individual Chinese language. Several Chinese languages exist. They all belong to the family of Sino-Tibetan languages. A total of approximately 1.3 billion people speak Chinese. The majority of those people live in the People's Republic of China and in Taiwan. There are many countries with Chinese-speaking minorities. The largest Chinese language is High Chinese. This standardized high-level language is also called Mandarin. Mandarin is the official language of the People's Republic of China. Other Chinese languages are often only referred to as dialects. Mandarin is also spoken in Taiwan and Singapore. Mandarin is the native language of 850 million people. It is understood by almost all Chinese-speaking people, however. For this reason, speakers of different dialects use it for communication. All Chinese people use a common written form. The Chinese written form is 4,000 to 5,000 years old. With that, Chinese has the longest literary tradition. Other Asian cultures have borrowed the Chinese written form as well. Chinese characters are more difficult than alphabetic systems. Spoken Chinese, however, is not as complicated. The grammar can be learned relatively easily. Therefore, learners can make good progress pretty quickly. And more and more people want to learn Chinese! As a foreign language, it is becoming increasingly meaningful. By now, Chinese languages are offered everywhere. Have the courage to learn it yourself! Chinese will be the language of the future…

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We had to water the flowers.	N_ d_v_s a_v_m_ l_ f_o_o_n_ Ni devis akvumi la florojn. N_ d____ a_____ l_ f_______ Ni devis akvumi la florojn. __ _____ ______ __ ________ Ni devis akvumi la florojn.
We had to clean the apartment.	N_ d_v_s o_d_g_ l_ l_ĝ_j_n_ Ni devis ordigi la loĝejon. N_ d____ o_____ l_ l_______ Ni devis ordigi la loĝejon. __ _____ ______ __ ________ Ni devis ordigi la loĝejon.
We had to wash the dishes.	N_ d_v_s l_v_ l_ v_z_r_n_ Ni devis lavi la vazaron. N_ d____ l___ l_ v_______ Ni devis lavi la vazaron. __ _____ ____ __ ________ Ni devis lavi la vazaron.

Did you have to pay the bill?	Ĉ_ v_ d_v_s p_g_ l_ f_k_u_o_? Ĉu vi devis pagi la fakturon? Ĉ_ v_ d____ p___ l_ f________ Ĉu vi devis pagi la fakturon? __ __ _____ ____ __ _________ Ĉu vi devis pagi la fakturon?
Did you have to pay an entrance fee?	Ĉ_ v_ d_v_s p_g_ l_ e_i_o_? Ĉu vi devis pagi la eniron? Ĉ_ v_ d____ p___ l_ e______ Ĉu vi devis pagi la eniron? __ __ _____ ____ __ _______ Ĉu vi devis pagi la eniron?
Did you have to pay a fine?	Ĉ_ v_ d_v_s p_g_ m_n_u_o_? Ĉu vi devis pagi monpunon? Ĉ_ v_ d____ p___ m________ Ĉu vi devis pagi monpunon? __ __ _____ ____ _________ Ĉu vi devis pagi monpunon?

Who had to say goodbye?	K_u d_v_s a_i_ŭ_? Kiu devis adiaŭi? K__ d____ a______ Kiu devis adiaŭi? ___ _____ _______ Kiu devis adiaŭi?
Who had to go home early?	K_u d_v_s f_u_ h_j_e_i_i_ Kiu devis frue hejmeniri? K__ d____ f___ h_________ Kiu devis frue hejmeniri? ___ _____ ____ __________ Kiu devis frue hejmeniri?
Who had to take the train?	K_u d_v_s p_e_i l_ t_a_n_n_ Kiu devis preni la trajnon? K__ d____ p____ l_ t_______ Kiu devis preni la trajnon? ___ _____ _____ __ ________ Kiu devis preni la trajnon?

We did not want to stay long.	N_ n_ v_l_s r_s_i l_n_e_ Ni ne volis resti longe. N_ n_ v____ r____ l_____ Ni ne volis resti longe. __ __ _____ _____ ______ Ni ne volis resti longe.
We did not want to drink anything.	N_ v_l_s t_i_k_ n_n_o_. Ni volis trinki nenion. N_ v____ t_____ n______ Ni volis trinki nenion. __ _____ ______ _______ Ni volis trinki nenion.
We did not want to disturb you.	N_ n_ v_l_s ĝ_n_. Ni ne volis ĝeni. N_ n_ v____ ĝ____ Ni ne volis ĝeni. __ __ _____ _____ Ni ne volis ĝeni.

I just wanted to make a call.	M_ v_l_s n_r t_l_f_n_. Mi volis nur telefoni. M_ v____ n__ t________ Mi volis nur telefoni. __ _____ ___ _________ Mi volis nur telefoni.
I just wanted to call a taxi.	M_ v_l_s m_n_i t_k_i_n_ Mi volis mendi taksion. M_ v____ m____ t_______ Mi volis mendi taksion. __ _____ _____ ________ Mi volis mendi taksion.
Actually I wanted to drive home.	M_ v_l_s j_ h_j_e_v_t_r_. Mi volis ja hejmenveturi. M_ v____ j_ h____________ Mi volis ja hejmenveturi. __ _____ __ _____________ Mi volis ja hejmenveturi.

I thought you wanted to call your wife.	M_ p_n_i_ k_ v_ v_l_s v_k_ v_a_ e_z_n_n_ Mi pensis ke vi volas voki vian edzinon. M_ p_____ k_ v_ v____ v___ v___ e_______ Mi pensis ke vi volas voki vian edzinon. __ ______ __ __ _____ ____ ____ ________ Mi pensis ke vi volas voki vian edzinon.
I thought you wanted to call information.	M_ p_n_i_ k_ v_ v_l_s v_k_ l_ i_f_r_o_n_ Mi pensis ke vi volas voki la informojn. M_ p_____ k_ v_ v____ v___ l_ i_________ Mi pensis ke vi volas voki la informojn. __ ______ __ __ _____ ____ __ __________ Mi pensis ke vi volas voki la informojn.
I thought you wanted to order a pizza.	M_ p_n_i_ k_ v_ v_l_s m_n_i p_c_n_ Mi pensis ke vi volas mendi picon. M_ p_____ k_ v_ v____ m____ p_____ Mi pensis ke vi volas mendi picon. __ ______ __ __ _____ _____ ______ Mi pensis ke vi volas mendi picon.

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