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87 [eighty-seven]

Past tense of modal verbs 1

87 [ሰማንያንሸውዓተን] 87 [semaniyanishewi‘ateni]	ሕሉፍ ናይ ሓገዝቲ ግስታት 1 ḥilufi nayi ḥagezitī gisitati 1

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The Chinese language

The Chinese language has the most speakers worldwide. However, there is not one individual Chinese language. Several Chinese languages exist. They all belong to the family of Sino-Tibetan languages. A total of approximately 1.3 billion people speak Chinese. The majority of those people live in the People's Republic of China and in Taiwan. There are many countries with Chinese-speaking minorities. The largest Chinese language is High Chinese. This standardized high-level language is also called Mandarin. Mandarin is the official language of the People's Republic of China. Other Chinese languages are often only referred to as dialects. Mandarin is also spoken in Taiwan and Singapore. Mandarin is the native language of 850 million people. It is understood by almost all Chinese-speaking people, however. For this reason, speakers of different dialects use it for communication. All Chinese people use a common written form. The Chinese written form is 4,000 to 5,000 years old. With that, Chinese has the longest literary tradition. Other Asian cultures have borrowed the Chinese written form as well. Chinese characters are more difficult than alphabetic systems. Spoken Chinese, however, is not as complicated. The grammar can be learned relatively easily. Therefore, learners can make good progress pretty quickly. And more and more people want to learn Chinese! As a foreign language, it is becoming increasingly meaningful. By now, Chinese languages are offered everywhere. Have the courage to learn it yourself! Chinese will be the language of the future…

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We had to water the flowers.	ግ_ን ነ_ን ዕ_ባ_ታ_ ማ_ ክ_ህ_ን ኔ_ና_ g_d_n_ n_t_n_ ‘_n_b_b_t_t_ m_y_ k_n_h_b_n_ n_r_n_። ግድን ነተን ዕንባባታት ማይ ክንህበን ኔሪና። gidini neteni ‘inibabatati mayi kinihibeni nērīna። ግ__ ነ__ ዕ_____ ማ_ ክ____ ኔ___ g_____ n_____ ‘___________ m___ k_________ n______ ግድን ነተን ዕንባባታት ማይ ክንህበን ኔሪና። gidini neteni ‘inibabatati mayi kinihibeni nērīna። ___ ___ ______ __ _____ ____ ______ ______ ____________ ____ __________ _______ ግድን ነተን ዕንባባታት ማይ ክንህበን ኔሪና። gidini neteni ‘inibabatati mayi kinihibeni nērīna።
We had to clean the apartment.	ግ_ን ነ_ ክ_ሊ_ኣ_ር_መ_ት ከ_ሰ_ዖ ከ_ለ_ዕ_ዕ ኔ_ና_ g_d_n_ n_t_ k_f_l_፣_p_r_t_m_n_t_ k_n_s_r_‘_ k_n_l_‘_‘_l_‘_ n_r_n_። ግድን ነቲ ክፍሊ፣ኣፓርትመንት ከንሰርዖ ከነለዓዕልዕ ኔሪና። gidini netī kifilī፣aparitimeniti keniseri‘o kenele‘a‘ili‘i nērīna። ግ__ ነ_ ክ__________ ከ____ ከ______ ኔ___ g_____ n___ k___________________ k_________ k_____________ n______ ግድን ነቲ ክፍሊ፣ኣፓርትመንት ከንሰርዖ ከነለዓዕልዕ ኔሪና። gidini netī kifilī፣aparitimeniti keniseri‘o kenele‘a‘ili‘i nērīna። ___ __ ___________ _____ _______ ____ ______ ____ ____________________ __________ ______________ _______ ግድን ነቲ ክፍሊ፣ኣፓርትመንት ከንሰርዖ ከነለዓዕልዕ ኔሪና። gidini netī kifilī፣aparitimeniti keniseri‘o kenele‘a‘ili‘i nērīna።
We had to wash the dishes.	እ_ ኣ_ሑ_ፋ_ከ_፣ ማ_ካ_ ወ_ተ_ ክ_ሓ_ቦ ኔ_ና_ i_ī a_̱_u_̣_(_a_i_e_e_ m_n_k_፣ w_z_t_) k_n_h_a_s_i_o n_r_n_። እቲ ኣቑሑ(ፋርከተ፣ ማንካ፣ ወዘተ) ክንሓጽቦ ኔሪና። itī aḵ’uḥu(farikete፣ manika፣ wezete) kiniḥats’ibo nērīna። እ_ ኣ________ ማ___ ወ___ ክ____ ኔ___ i__ a_________________ m______ w______ k____________ n______ እቲ ኣቑሑ(ፋርከተ፣ ማንካ፣ ወዘተ) ክንሓጽቦ ኔሪና። itī aḵ’uḥu(farikete፣ manika፣ wezete) kiniḥats’ibo nērīna። __ _________ ____ ____ _____ ____ ___ __________________ _______ _______ _____________ _______ እቲ ኣቑሑ(ፋርከተ፣ ማንካ፣ ወዘተ) ክንሓጽቦ ኔሪና። itī aḵ’uḥu(farikete፣ manika፣ wezete) kiniḥats’ibo nērīna።

Did you have to pay the bill?	ግ_ን ዲ_ እ_ ጸ_ጻ_ ክ_ከ_ሉ_ ኔ_ኩ_ ? g_d_n_ d_y_ i_ī t_’_b_t_’_b_ k_t_k_f_l_w_ n_r_k_m_ ? ግድን ዲዩ እቲ ጸብጻብ ክትከፍሉዎ ኔሩኩም ? gidini dīyu itī ts’ebits’abi kitikefiluwo nērukumi ? ግ__ ዲ_ እ_ ጸ___ ክ_____ ኔ___ ? g_____ d___ i__ t___________ k___________ n_______ ? ግድን ዲዩ እቲ ጸብጻብ ክትከፍሉዎ ኔሩኩም ? gidini dīyu itī ts’ebits’abi kitikefiluwo nērukumi ? ___ __ __ ____ ______ ____ _ ______ ____ ___ ____________ ____________ ________ _ ግድን ዲዩ እቲ ጸብጻብ ክትከፍሉዎ ኔሩኩም ? gidini dīyu itī ts’ebits’abi kitikefiluwo nērukumi ?
Did you have to pay an entrance fee?	ግ_ን ዲ_ መ_ተ_ ክ_ከ_ሉ_ ኔ_ኩ_ ? g_d_n_ d_y_ m_’_t_w_ k_t_k_f_l_w_ n_r_k_m_ ? ግድን ዲዩ መእተዊ ክትከፍሉዎ ኔሩኩም ? gidini dīyu me’itewī kitikefiluwo nērukumi ? ግ__ ዲ_ መ___ ክ_____ ኔ___ ? g_____ d___ m_______ k___________ n_______ ? ግድን ዲዩ መእተዊ ክትከፍሉዎ ኔሩኩም ? gidini dīyu me’itewī kitikefiluwo nērukumi ? ___ __ ____ ______ ____ _ ______ ____ ________ ____________ ________ _ ግድን ዲዩ መእተዊ ክትከፍሉዎ ኔሩኩም ? gidini dīyu me’itewī kitikefiluwo nērukumi ?
Did you have to pay a fine?	ግ_ን ዲ_ መ_ጻ_ቲ ክ_ከ_ሉ_ ኔ_ኩ_ ? g_d_n_ d_y_ m_k_’_t_’_‘_t_ k_t_k_f_l_w_ n_r_k_m_ ? ግድን ዲዩ መቕጻዕቲ ክትከፍሉዎ ኔሩኩም ? gidini dīyu meḵ’its’a‘itī kitikefiluwo nērukumi ? ግ__ ዲ_ መ____ ክ_____ ኔ___ ? g_____ d___ m_____________ k___________ n_______ ? ግድን ዲዩ መቕጻዕቲ ክትከፍሉዎ ኔሩኩም ? gidini dīyu meḵ’its’a‘itī kitikefiluwo nērukumi ? ___ __ _____ ______ ____ _ ______ ____ ______________ ____________ ________ _ ግድን ዲዩ መቕጻዕቲ ክትከፍሉዎ ኔሩኩም ? gidini dīyu meḵ’its’a‘itī kitikefiluwo nērukumi ?

Who had to say goodbye?	መ_ ዩ ግ_ን ክ_ና_ት ኔ_ዎ ? m_n_ y_ g_d_n_ k_s_n_b_t_ n_r_w_ ? መን ዩ ግድን ክሰናበት ኔሩዎ ? meni yu gidini kisenabeti nēruwo ? መ_ ዩ ግ__ ክ____ ኔ__ ? m___ y_ g_____ k_________ n_____ ? መን ዩ ግድን ክሰናበት ኔሩዎ ? meni yu gidini kisenabeti nēruwo ? __ _ ___ _____ ___ _ ____ __ ______ __________ ______ _ መን ዩ ግድን ክሰናበት ኔሩዎ ? meni yu gidini kisenabeti nēruwo ?
Who had to go home early?	መ_ ድ_ ኣ_ዲ_ ን_ዛ ክ_ይ_ ኔ_ዎ_ m_n_ d_y_ a_̱_e_ī_u n_g_z_ k_h_e_i_i n_r_w_? መን ድዩ ኣቐዲሙ ንገዛ ክኸይድ ኔሩዎ? meni diyu aḵ’edīmu nigeza kiẖeyidi nēruwo? መ_ ድ_ ኣ___ ን__ ክ___ ኔ___ m___ d___ a________ n_____ k________ n______ መን ድዩ ኣቐዲሙ ንገዛ ክኸይድ ኔሩዎ? meni diyu aḵ’edīmu nigeza kiẖeyidi nēruwo? __ __ ____ ___ ____ ____ ____ ____ _________ ______ _________ _______ መን ድዩ ኣቐዲሙ ንገዛ ክኸይድ ኔሩዎ? meni diyu aḵ’edīmu nigeza kiẖeyidi nēruwo?
Who had to take the train?	መ_ ግ_ን ድ_ ን_ቡ_ ክ_ስ_ ኔ_ዎ_ m_n_ g_d_n_ d_y_ n_b_b_r_ k_w_s_d_ n_r_w_? መን ግድን ድዩ ንባቡር ክወስድ ኔሩዎ? meni gidini diyu nibaburi kiwesidi nēruwo? መ_ ግ__ ድ_ ን___ ክ___ ኔ___ m___ g_____ d___ n_______ k_______ n______ መን ግድን ድዩ ንባቡር ክወስድ ኔሩዎ? meni gidini diyu nibaburi kiwesidi nēruwo? __ ___ __ ____ ____ ____ ____ ______ ____ ________ ________ _______ መን ግድን ድዩ ንባቡር ክወስድ ኔሩዎ? meni gidini diyu nibaburi kiwesidi nēruwo?

We did not want to stay long.	ነ_ሕ ክ_ጸ_ሕ ኣ_ደ_ና_ ኔ_ና_ n_w_h_i k_n_t_’_n_h_i a_i_e_e_a_i n_r_n_። ነዊሕ ክንጸንሕ ኣይደለናን ኔርና። newīḥi kinits’eniḥi ayidelenani nērina። ነ__ ክ____ ኣ_____ ኔ___ n______ k____________ a__________ n______ ነዊሕ ክንጸንሕ ኣይደለናን ኔርና። newīḥi kinits’eniḥi ayidelenani nērina። ___ _____ ______ ____ _______ _____________ ___________ _______ ነዊሕ ክንጸንሕ ኣይደለናን ኔርና። newīḥi kinits’eniḥi ayidelenani nērina።
We did not want to drink anything.	ዝ_ነ ክ_ሰ_ ኣ_ደ_ና_ ኔ_ና_ z_h_o_e k_n_s_t_ a_i_e_e_a_i n_r_n_። ዝኾነ ክንሰቲ ኣይደለናን ኔርና። ziẖone kinisetī ayidelenani nērina። ዝ__ ክ___ ኣ_____ ኔ___ z______ k_______ a__________ n______ ዝኾነ ክንሰቲ ኣይደለናን ኔርና። ziẖone kinisetī ayidelenani nērina። ___ ____ ______ ____ _______ ________ ___________ _______ ዝኾነ ክንሰቲ ኣይደለናን ኔርና። ziẖone kinisetī ayidelenani nērina።
We did not want to disturb you.	ክ_ር_ሽ ኣ_ደ_ና_ ኔ_ና_ k_n_r_b_s_i a_i_e_e_a_i n_r_n_። ክንርብሽ ኣይደለናን ኔርና። kiniribishi ayidelenani nērina። ክ____ ኣ_____ ኔ___ k__________ a__________ n______ ክንርብሽ ኣይደለናን ኔርና። kiniribishi ayidelenani nērina። _____ ______ ____ ___________ ___________ _______ ክንርብሽ ኣይደለናን ኔርና። kiniribishi ayidelenani nērina።

I just wanted to make a call.	ክ_ው_ ደ_የ ኔ_። k_d_w_l_ d_l_y_ n_r_። ክደውል ደልየ ኔረ። kidewili deliye nēre። ክ___ ደ__ ኔ__ k_______ d_____ n____ ክደውል ደልየ ኔረ። kidewili deliye nēre። ____ ___ ___ ________ ______ _____ ክደውል ደልየ ኔረ። kidewili deliye nēre።
I just wanted to call a taxi.	ታ_ሲ ክ_ል_ ደ_የ ኔ_። t_k_s_ k_t_e_i_i d_l_y_ n_r_። ታክሲ ክጠልብ ደልየ ኔረ። takisī kit’elibi deliye nēre። ታ__ ክ___ ደ__ ኔ__ t_____ k________ d_____ n____ ታክሲ ክጠልብ ደልየ ኔረ። takisī kit’elibi deliye nēre። ___ ____ ___ ___ ______ _________ ______ _____ ታክሲ ክጠልብ ደልየ ኔረ። takisī kit’elibi deliye nēre።
Actually I wanted to drive home.	ን_ዛ እ_ ክ_ይ_ ደ_የ ኔ_። n_g_z_ i_o k_h_e_i_i d_l_y_ n_r_። ንገዛ እኮ ክኸይድ ደልየ ኔረ። nigeza iko kiẖeyidi deliye nēre። ን__ እ_ ክ___ ደ__ ኔ__ n_____ i__ k________ d_____ n____ ንገዛ እኮ ክኸይድ ደልየ ኔረ። nigeza iko kiẖeyidi deliye nēre። ___ __ ____ ___ ___ ______ ___ _________ ______ _____ ንገዛ እኮ ክኸይድ ደልየ ኔረ። nigeza iko kiẖeyidi deliye nēre።

I thought you wanted to call your wife.	ሰ_ይ_ኻ ክ_ድ_ል_ ዝ_ለ_ መ_ሉ_ ። s_b_y_t_h_a k_t_d_w_l_l_ z_d_l_h_a m_s_l_n_ ። ሰበይትኻ ክትድውልላ ዝደለኻ መሲሉኒ ። sebeyitiẖa kitidiwilila zideleẖa mesīlunī ። ሰ____ ክ_____ ዝ___ መ___ ። s__________ k___________ z________ m_______ ። ሰበይትኻ ክትድውልላ ዝደለኻ መሲሉኒ ። sebeyitiẖa kitidiwilila zideleẖa mesīlunī ። _____ ______ ____ ____ _ ___________ ____________ _________ ________ _ ሰበይትኻ ክትድውልላ ዝደለኻ መሲሉኒ ። sebeyitiẖa kitidiwilila zideleẖa mesīlunī ።
I thought you wanted to call information.	ን_ፍ_ -_በ_ታ_ኣ_ ተ_ፎ_) ክ_ድ_ለ_ም ዝ_ል_ መ_ሉ_ ነ_ሩ_ n_k_f_l_ -_̣_b_r_t_(_b_ t_l_f_n_) k_t_d_w_l_l_m_ z_d_l_h_a m_s_l_n_ n_y_r_። ንክፍሊ -ሓበሬታ(ኣብ ተለፎን) ክትድውለሎም ዝደልኻ መሲሉኒ ነይሩ። nikifilī -ḥaberēta(abi telefoni) kitidiwilelomi zideliẖa mesīlunī neyiru። ን___ -_______ ተ____ ክ______ ዝ___ መ___ ነ___ n_______ -_____________ t________ k_____________ z________ m_______ n______ ንክፍሊ -ሓበሬታ(ኣብ ተለፎን) ክትድውለሎም ዝደልኻ መሲሉኒ ነይሩ። nikifilī -ḥaberēta(abi telefoni) kitidiwilelomi zideliẖa mesīlunī neyiru። ____ ________ _____ _______ ____ ____ ____ ________ ______________ _________ ______________ _________ ________ _______ ንክፍሊ -ሓበሬታ(ኣብ ተለፎን) ክትድውለሎም ዝደልኻ መሲሉኒ ነይሩ። nikifilī -ḥaberēta(abi telefoni) kitidiwilelomi zideliẖa mesīlunī neyiru።
I thought you wanted to order a pizza.	ፒ_ ክ_ጠ_ብ ዝ_ል_ መ_ሉ_ ነ_ሩ_ p_s_ k_t_t_e_i_i z_d_l_h_a m_s_l_n_ n_y_r_። ፒሳ ክትጠልብ ዝደልኻ መሲሉኒ ነይሩ። pīsa kitit’elibi zideliẖa mesīlunī neyiru። ፒ_ ክ____ ዝ___ መ___ ነ___ p___ k__________ z________ m_______ n______ ፒሳ ክትጠልብ ዝደልኻ መሲሉኒ ነይሩ። pīsa kitit’elibi zideliẖa mesīlunī neyiru። __ _____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ___________ _________ ________ _______ ፒሳ ክትጠልብ ዝደልኻ መሲሉኒ ነይሩ። pīsa kitit’elibi zideliẖa mesīlunī neyiru።

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