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34 [thirty-four]

On the train

34 [otuz dört]	Trende

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The development of language

Why we speak with each other is clear. We want to exchange ideas and understand each other. How exactly language originated, on the other hand, is less clear. Various theories exist about this. What's certain is that language is a very old phenomenon. Certain physical traits were a prerequisite for speaking. They were necessary in order for us to form sounds. People as far back as the Neanderthals had the ability to apply their voice. In this way, they could distinguish themselves from animals. Additionally, a loud, firm voice was important for defense. A person could threaten or frighten enemies with it. Back then, tools had already been made and fire had been discovered. This knowledge had to be passed along somehow. Speech was also important for hunting in groups. As early as 2 million years ago there was a simple understanding among people. The first linguistic elements were signs and gestures. But people wanted to be able to communicate in the dark too. More importantly, they also had the need to talk to each other without looking. Therefore, the voice developed, and it replaced the gestures. Language in today's sense is at least 50,000 years old. When Homo sapiens left Africa, they distributed language around the world. The languages separated from each other in the different regions. That is to say, various language families came into being. However, they only contained the fundamentals of language systems. The first languages were much less complex than languages today. They were further developed through grammar, phonology and semantics. It could be said that different languages have different solutions. But the problem was always the same: How do I show what I'm thinking?

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Is that the train to Berlin?	B_ B_r_i_’_ g_d_n t_e_ m_? Bu Berlin’e giden tren mi? B_ B_______ g____ t___ m__ Bu Berlin’e giden tren mi? __ ________ _____ ____ ___ Bu Berlin’e giden tren mi?
When does the train leave?	T_e_ n_ z_m_n k_l_ı_o_? Tren ne zaman kalkıyor? T___ n_ z____ k________ Tren ne zaman kalkıyor? ____ __ _____ _________ Tren ne zaman kalkıyor?
When does the train arrive in Berlin?	T_e_ B_r_i_’_ n_ z_m_n v_r_y_r_ Tren Berlin’e ne zaman varıyor? T___ B_______ n_ z____ v_______ Tren Berlin’e ne zaman varıyor? ____ ________ __ _____ ________ Tren Berlin’e ne zaman varıyor?

Excuse me, may I pass?	Ö_ü_ d_l_r_m_ g_ç_b_l_r m_y_m_ Özür dilerim, geçebilir miyim? Ö___ d_______ g________ m_____ Özür dilerim, geçebilir miyim? ____ ________ _________ ______ Özür dilerim, geçebilir miyim?
I think this is my seat.	Z_n_e_e_s_m b_r_s_ b_n_m y_r_m_ Zannedersem burası benim yerim. Z__________ b_____ b____ y_____ Zannedersem burası benim yerim. ___________ ______ _____ ______ Zannedersem burası benim yerim.
I think you’re sitting in my seat.	Z_n_e_e_s_m b_n_m y_r_m_e o_u_u_o_s_n_z_ Zannedersem benim yerimde oturuyorsunuz. Z__________ b____ y______ o_____________ Zannedersem benim yerimde oturuyorsunuz. ___________ _____ _______ ______________ Zannedersem benim yerimde oturuyorsunuz.

Where is the sleeper?	Y_t_k_ı v_g_n n_r_e_ Yataklı vagon nerde? Y______ v____ n_____ Yataklı vagon nerde? _______ _____ ______ Yataklı vagon nerde?
The sleeper is at the end of the train.	Y_t_k_ı v_g_n t_e_i_ s_n_n_a_ Yataklı vagon trenin sonunda. Y______ v____ t_____ s_______ Yataklı vagon trenin sonunda. _______ _____ ______ ________ Yataklı vagon trenin sonunda.
And where is the dining car? – At the front.	V_ y_m_k v_g_n_ n_r_d_? – B_ş_a_ Ve yemek vagonu nerede? – Başta. V_ y____ v_____ n______ – B_____ Ve yemek vagonu nerede? – Başta. __ _____ ______ _______ _ ______ Ve yemek vagonu nerede? – Başta.

Can I sleep below?	A_a_ı_a y_t_b_l_r m_y_m_ Aşağıda yatabilir miyim? A______ y________ m_____ Aşağıda yatabilir miyim? _______ _________ ______ Aşağıda yatabilir miyim?
Can I sleep in the middle?	O_t_d_ y_t_b_l_r m_y_m_ Ortada yatabilir miyim? O_____ y________ m_____ Ortada yatabilir miyim? ______ _________ ______ Ortada yatabilir miyim?
Can I sleep at the top?	Y_k_r_d_ y_t_b_l_r m_y_m_ Yukarıda yatabilir miyim? Y_______ y________ m_____ Yukarıda yatabilir miyim? ________ _________ ______ Yukarıda yatabilir miyim?

When will we get to the border?	N_ z_m_n s_n_r_a o_a_a_ı_? Ne zaman sınırda olacağız? N_ z____ s______ o________ Ne zaman sınırda olacağız? __ _____ _______ _________ Ne zaman sınırda olacağız?
How long does the journey to Berlin take?	B_r_i_’_ g_d_ş n_ k_d_r s_r_y_r_ Berlin’e gidiş ne kadar sürüyor? B_______ g____ n_ k____ s_______ Berlin’e gidiş ne kadar sürüyor? ________ _____ __ _____ ________ Berlin’e gidiş ne kadar sürüyor?
Is the train delayed?	T_e_i_ r_t_r_ v_r m_? Trenin rötarı var mı? T_____ r_____ v__ m__ Trenin rötarı var mı? ______ ______ ___ ___ Trenin rötarı var mı?

Do you have something to read?	O_u_a_a_ b_r ş_y_n_z v_r m_? Okuyacak bir şeyiniz var mı? O_______ b__ ş______ v__ m__ Okuyacak bir şeyiniz var mı? ________ ___ _______ ___ ___ Okuyacak bir şeyiniz var mı?
Can one get something to eat and to drink here?	B_r_d_ y_y_c_k v_ i_e_e_ b_r ş_y_e_ b_l_n_y_r m_? Burada yiyecek ve içecek bir şeyler bulunuyor mu? B_____ y______ v_ i_____ b__ ş_____ b________ m__ Burada yiyecek ve içecek bir şeyler bulunuyor mu? ______ _______ __ ______ ___ ______ _________ ___ Burada yiyecek ve içecek bir şeyler bulunuyor mu?
Could you please wake me up at 7 o’clock?	B_n_ s_a_ 7_0_ d_ u_a_d_r_r m_s_n_z l_t_e_? Beni saat 7.00 de uyandırır mısınız lütfen? B___ s___ 7___ d_ u________ m______ l______ Beni saat 7.00 de uyandırır mısınız lütfen? ____ ____ ____ __ _________ _______ _______ Beni saat 7.00 de uyandırır mısınız lütfen?

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The development of language

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