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23[二十三]

学习外语

23 [twenty-three]	Learning foreign languages

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斯拉夫语

全世界有3亿人的母语是斯拉夫语。斯拉夫语属于印欧语系。目前约有20种斯拉夫语言。其中最重要的斯拉夫语是俄语。全世界有超过1.5亿人以俄语作为母语。其次是波兰语和乌克兰语，各有5千万人次。语言学将斯拉夫语分为三大语支。分别是西斯拉夫语支，东斯拉夫语支和南斯拉夫语支。西斯拉夫语支包括波兰语，捷克语和斯洛伐克语。俄语，乌克兰语和白俄罗斯语属于东斯拉夫语支。南斯拉夫语支包括塞尔维亚语，克罗地亚语和保加利亚语。此外还有许多其它斯拉夫语存在。但它们只有少数使用者。斯拉夫语起源于一个共同的原始语言。在相对晚期，各独立语言才从原始语言中发展起来。它们比日耳曼语言和罗曼语言都要年轻。斯拉夫语里的大部分词汇都很相似。这是因为它们很晚才脱离原始语言的缘故。以科学家的观点来看，斯拉夫语是保守的语言。也就是说，斯拉夫语里仍保留许多老式结构。而其它印欧语言早就已经把这些老式结构摒弃了。但也正因如此，斯拉夫语成为很有趣的研究对象。通过研究它们可以得知人类早期语言的状况。科学家们希望以此来追溯印欧系语言。斯拉夫语的特点是元音很少。除此之外，它有许多在其它语言里没有的读音。因此西欧人尤其对斯拉夫语存在发音困难。但是别担心——一切都会好的！波兰语就是： Wszystko będzie dobrze!

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您在哪里学习的西班牙语呢 ?	W_e_e d_d y_u l_a_n S_a_i_h_ Where did you learn Spanish? W____ d__ y__ l____ S_______ Where did you learn Spanish? _____ ___ ___ _____ ________ Where did you learn Spanish?
您也会说葡萄牙语吗 ?	C_n y_u a_s_ s_e_k P_r_u_u_s_? Can you also speak Portuguese? C__ y__ a___ s____ P__________ Can you also speak Portuguese? ___ ___ ____ _____ ___________ Can you also speak Portuguese?
是啊, 而且我也会说一点意大利语。	Y_s_ a_d I a_s_ s_e_k s_m_ I_a_i_n_ Yes, and I also speak some Italian. Y___ a__ I a___ s____ s___ I_______ Yes, and I also speak some Italian. ____ ___ _ ____ _____ ____ ________ Yes, and I also speak some Italian.

我觉得, 您说的很好。	I t_i_k y_u s_e_k v_r_ w_l_. I think you speak very well. I t____ y__ s____ v___ w____ I think you speak very well. _ _____ ___ _____ ____ _____ I think you speak very well.
这些语言都是很相近的。	T_e l_n_u_g_s a_e q_i_e s_m_l_r_ The languages are quite similar. T__ l________ a__ q____ s_______ The languages are quite similar. ___ _________ ___ _____ ________ The languages are quite similar.
我听得很明白。	I c_n u_d_r_t_n_ t_e_ w_l_. I can understand them well. I c__ u_________ t___ w____ I can understand them well. _ ___ __________ ____ _____ I can understand them well.

但是说和写就难了。	B_t s_e_k_n_ a_d w_i_i_g i_ d_f_i_u_t_ But speaking and writing is difficult. B__ s_______ a__ w______ i_ d_________ But speaking and writing is difficult. ___ ________ ___ _______ __ __________ But speaking and writing is difficult.
我还会出很多错误。	I s_i_l m_k_ m_n_ m_s_a_e_. I still make many mistakes. I s____ m___ m___ m________ I still make many mistakes. _ _____ ____ ____ _________ I still make many mistakes.
您要总给我改正啊。	P_e_s_ c_r_e_t m_ e_c_ t_m_. Please correct me each time. P_____ c______ m_ e___ t____ Please correct me each time. ______ _______ __ ____ _____ Please correct me each time.

您的发音很好(准确) 。	Y_u_ p_o_u_c_a_i_n i_ v_r_ g_o_. Your pronunciation is very good. Y___ p____________ i_ v___ g____ Your pronunciation is very good. ____ _____________ __ ____ _____ Your pronunciation is very good.
您有一点口音。	Y_u o_l_ h_v_ a s_i_h_ a_c_n_. You only have a slight accent. Y__ o___ h___ a s_____ a______ You only have a slight accent. ___ ____ ____ _ ______ _______ You only have a slight accent.
可以知道您是从哪儿来的。	O_e c_n t_l_ w_e_e y_u c_m_ f_o_. One can tell where you come from. O__ c__ t___ w____ y__ c___ f____ One can tell where you come from. ___ ___ ____ _____ ___ ____ _____ One can tell where you come from.

您的母语是什么 ?	W_a_ i_ y_u_ m_t_e_ t_n_u_ / n_t_v_ l_n_u_g_ (_m_)_ What is your mother tongue / native language (am.)? W___ i_ y___ m_____ t_____ / n_____ l_______ (_____ What is your mother tongue / native language (am.)? ____ __ ____ ______ ______ _ ______ ________ ______ What is your mother tongue / native language (am.)?
您在上语言培训班吗 ?	A_e y_u t_k_n_ a l_n_u_g_ c_u_s_? Are you taking a language course? A__ y__ t_____ a l_______ c______ Are you taking a language course? ___ ___ ______ _ ________ _______ Are you taking a language course?
您用哪本教材 ?	W_i_h t_x_b_o_ a_e y_u u_i_g_ Which textbook are you using? W____ t_______ a__ y__ u_____ Which textbook are you using? _____ ________ ___ ___ ______ Which textbook are you using?

我现在一时记不起来，（这教材）叫什么名字。	I d_n_t r_m_m_e_ t_e n_m_ r_g_t n_w_ I don’t remember the name right now. I d____ r_______ t__ n___ r____ n___ I don’t remember the name right now. _ _____ ________ ___ ____ _____ ____ I don’t remember the name right now.
我想不起来那(书的) 标题了。	T_e t_t_e i_ n_t c_m_n_ t_ m_. The title is not coming to me. T__ t____ i_ n__ c_____ t_ m__ The title is not coming to me. ___ _____ __ ___ ______ __ ___ The title is not coming to me.
我把它忘了。	I_v_ f_r_o_t_n i_. I’ve forgotten it. I___ f________ i__ I’ve forgotten it. ____ _________ ___ I’ve forgotten it.

常用语手册

斯拉夫语

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