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77 [seventy-seven]

giving reasons 3

77 [ሰብዓንሸውዓተን] 77 [sebi‘anishewi‘ateni]	ገለ ምኽንያት ሃበ 3 gele miẖiniyati habe 3

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One language, many varieties

Even if we only speak one language, we speak many languages. For no language is a self-contained system. Every language shows many different dimensions. Language is a living system. Speakers always orient themselves towards their conversation partners. Therefore, people vary the language they speak. These varieties appear in various forms. For example, every language has a history. It has changed and will continue to change. This can be recognized in the fact that old people speak differently than young people. There are also various dialects in most languages. However, many dialect speakers can adapt to their environment. In certain situations they speak the standard language. Different social groups have different languages. Youth language or hunter's jargon are examples of this. Most people speak differently at work than they do at home. Many also use a professional jargon at work. Differences also appear in spoken and written language. Spoken language is typically much simpler than written. The difference can be quite large. This is the case when written languages don't change for a long time. Speakers then must learn to use the language in written form first. The language of women and men is often different as well. This difference isn't that great in western societies. But there are countries in which women speak very differently from men. In some cultures, politeness has its own linguistic form. Speaking is therefore not at all so easy! We have to pay attention to many different things at the same time…

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Why aren’t you eating the cake?	ስ_ም_ታ_ ቶ_ታ ዘ_ት_ል_? s_l_m_n_t_y_ t_r_t_ z_y_t_b_l_‘_? ስለምንታይ ቶርታ ዘይትበልዑ? sileminitayi torita zeyitibeli‘u? ስ_____ ቶ__ ዘ______ s___________ t_____ z____________ ስለምንታይ ቶርታ ዘይትበልዑ? sileminitayi torita zeyitibeli‘u? ______ ___ _______ ____________ ______ _____________ ስለምንታይ ቶርታ ዘይትበልዑ? sileminitayi torita zeyitibeli‘u?
I must lose weight.	ክ_ደ_ይ ከ_ድ_ ኣ_ኒ_ k_b_d_t_y_ k_g_d_l_ a_e_ī_ ክብደተይ ከጉድል ኣለኒ። kibideteyi kegudili alenī። ክ____ ከ___ ኣ___ k_________ k_______ a_____ ክብደተይ ከጉድል ኣለኒ። kibideteyi kegudili alenī። _____ ____ ____ __________ ________ ______ ክብደተይ ከጉድል ኣለኒ። kibideteyi kegudili alenī።
I’m not eating it because I must lose weight.	ክ_ደ_ይ መ_ን ከ_ድ_ ኣ_በ_ዕ እ_ ። k_b_d_t_y_ m_t_n_ k_g_d_l_ a_i_e_i_i i_e ። ክብደተይ መታን ከጉድል ኣይበልዕ እየ ። kibideteyi metani kegudili ayibeli‘i iye ። ክ____ መ__ ከ___ ኣ____ እ_ ። k_________ m_____ k_______ a________ i__ ። ክብደተይ መታን ከጉድል ኣይበልዕ እየ ። kibideteyi metani kegudili ayibeli‘i iye ። _____ ___ ____ _____ __ _ __________ ______ ________ _________ ___ _ ክብደተይ መታን ከጉድል ኣይበልዕ እየ ። kibideteyi metani kegudili ayibeli‘i iye ።

Why aren’t you drinking the beer?	ስ_ም_ታ_ ኢ_ም ቢ_ ዘ_ት_ት_? s_l_m_n_t_y_ ī_̱_m_ b_r_ z_y_t_s_t_y_? ስለምንታይ ኢኹም ቢራ ዘይትሰትዩ? sileminitayi īẖumi bīra zeyitisetiyu? ስ_____ ኢ__ ቢ_ ዘ______ s___________ ī_____ b___ z____________ ስለምንታይ ኢኹም ቢራ ዘይትሰትዩ? sileminitayi īẖumi bīra zeyitisetiyu? ______ ___ __ _______ ____________ ______ ____ _____________ ስለምንታይ ኢኹም ቢራ ዘይትሰትዩ? sileminitayi īẖumi bīra zeyitisetiyu?
I have to drive.	ገ_ መ_ና ክ_ው_ ስ_ ዝ_ን_ ። g_n_ m_k_n_ k_z_w_r_ s_l_ z_h_o_i_u ። ገና መኪና ክዝውር ስለ ዝኾንኩ ። gena mekīna kiziwiri sile ziẖoniku ። ገ_ መ__ ክ___ ስ_ ዝ___ ። g___ m_____ k_______ s___ z________ ። ገና መኪና ክዝውር ስለ ዝኾንኩ ። gena mekīna kiziwiri sile ziẖoniku ። __ ___ ____ __ ____ _ ____ ______ ________ ____ _________ _ ገና መኪና ክዝውር ስለ ዝኾንኩ ። gena mekīna kiziwiri sile ziẖoniku ።
I’m not drinking it because I have to drive.	ኣ_ሰ_ን_የ_ ጌ_ መ_ና ክ_ው_ ስ_ዘ_ኒ_ a_i_e_i_i_y_፣ g_n_ m_k_n_ k_z_w_r_ s_l_z_l_n_። ኣይሰትን‘የ፣ ጌና መኪና ክዝውር ስለዘሎኒ። ayisetini‘ye፣ gēna mekīna kiziwiri silezelonī። ኣ_______ ጌ_ መ__ ክ___ ስ_____ a____________ g___ m_____ k_______ s__________ ኣይሰትን‘የ፣ ጌና መኪና ክዝውር ስለዘሎኒ። ayisetini‘ye፣ gēna mekīna kiziwiri silezelonī። ________ __ ___ ____ ______ _____________ ____ ______ ________ ___________ ኣይሰትን‘የ፣ ጌና መኪና ክዝውር ስለዘሎኒ። ayisetini‘ye፣ gēna mekīna kiziwiri silezelonī።

Why aren’t you drinking the coffee?	ስ_ም_ታ_ እ_ ቡ_ ዘ_ት_ት_? s_l_m_n_t_y_ i_ī b_n_ z_y_t_s_t_y_? ስለምንታይ እቲ ቡን ዘይትሰትዮ? sileminitayi itī buni zeyitisetiyo? ስ_____ እ_ ቡ_ ዘ______ s___________ i__ b___ z____________ ስለምንታይ እቲ ቡን ዘይትሰትዮ? sileminitayi itī buni zeyitisetiyo? ______ __ __ _______ ____________ ___ ____ _____________ ስለምንታይ እቲ ቡን ዘይትሰትዮ? sileminitayi itī buni zeyitisetiyo?
It is cold.	ዝ_ል ስ_ዝ_ነ_ z_h_u_i s_l_z_h_o_e_ ዝሑል ስለዝኾነ። ziḥuli sileziẖone። ዝ__ ስ_____ z______ s___________ ዝሑል ስለዝኾነ። ziḥuli sileziẖone። ___ ______ _______ ____________ ዝሑል ስለዝኾነ። ziḥuli sileziẖone።
I’m not drinking it because it is cold.	ዝ_ል ስ_ዝ_ነ ኣ_ሰ_ዮ_‘_። z_h_u_i s_l_z_h_o_e a_i_e_i_o_i_y_። ዝሑል ስለዝኾነ ኣይሰትዮን‘የ። ziḥuli sileziẖone ayisetiyoni‘ye። ዝ__ ስ____ ኣ________ z______ s__________ a______________ ዝሑል ስለዝኾነ ኣይሰትዮን‘የ። ziḥuli sileziẖone ayisetiyoni‘ye። ___ _____ _________ _______ ___________ _______________ ዝሑል ስለዝኾነ ኣይሰትዮን‘የ። ziḥuli sileziẖone ayisetiyoni‘ye።

Why aren’t you drinking the tea?	ስ_ም_ታ_ ነ_ ሻ_ ዘ_ት_ት_? s_l_m_n_t_y_ n_t_ s_a_ī z_y_t_s_t_y_? ስለምንታይ ነቲ ሻሂ ዘይትሰትዮ? sileminitayi netī shahī zeyitisetiyo? ስ_____ ነ_ ሻ_ ዘ______ s___________ n___ s____ z____________ ስለምንታይ ነቲ ሻሂ ዘይትሰትዮ? sileminitayi netī shahī zeyitisetiyo? ______ __ __ _______ ____________ ____ _____ _____________ ስለምንታይ ነቲ ሻሂ ዘይትሰትዮ? sileminitayi netī shahī zeyitisetiyo?
I have no sugar.	ኣ_ ሽ_ር የ_ለ_ን_ a_e s_i_o_i y_b_l_y_n_። ኣነ ሽኮር የብለይን። ane shikori yebileyini። ኣ_ ሽ__ የ_____ a__ s______ y__________ ኣነ ሽኮር የብለይን። ane shikori yebileyini። __ ___ ______ ___ _______ ___________ ኣነ ሽኮር የብለይን። ane shikori yebileyini።
I’m not drinking it because I don’t have any sugar.	ሽ_ር ስ_ዘ_ብ_ይ ኣ_ስ_ዮ_‘_። s_i_o_i s_l_z_y_b_l_y_ a_i_i_i_o_i_y_። ሽኮር ስለዘይብለይ ኣይስትዮን‘የ። shikori silezeyibileyi ayisitiyoni‘ye። ሽ__ ስ______ ኣ________ s______ s_____________ a______________ ሽኮር ስለዘይብለይ ኣይስትዮን‘የ። shikori silezeyibileyi ayisitiyoni‘ye። ___ _______ _________ _______ ______________ _______________ ሽኮር ስለዘይብለይ ኣይስትዮን‘የ። shikori silezeyibileyi ayisitiyoni‘ye።

Why aren’t you eating the soup?	ስ_ም_ታ_ ነ_ መ_ቕ ዘ_ት_ል_ዎ_ s_l_m_n_t_y_ n_t_ m_r_k_’_ z_y_t_b_l_‘_w_? ስለምንታይ ነቲ መረቕ ዘይትበልዑዎ? sileminitayi netī mereḵ’i zeyitibeli‘uwo? ስ_____ ነ_ መ__ ዘ_______ s___________ n___ m_______ z______________ ስለምንታይ ነቲ መረቕ ዘይትበልዑዎ? sileminitayi netī mereḵ’i zeyitibeli‘uwo? ______ __ ___ ________ ____________ ____ ________ _______________ ስለምንታይ ነቲ መረቕ ዘይትበልዑዎ? sileminitayi netī mereḵ’i zeyitibeli‘uwo?
I didn’t order it.	ን_ኡ ኣ_ኮ_ኩ_ ጠ_በ ነ_ረ n_‘_’_ a_i_o_i_u_i t_e_ī_e n_y_r_ ንዕኡ ኣይኮንኩን ጠሊበ ነይረ ni‘i’u ayikonikuni t’elībe neyire ን__ ኣ_____ ጠ__ ነ__ n_____ a__________ t______ n_____ ንዕኡ ኣይኮንኩን ጠሊበ ነይረ ni‘i’u ayikonikuni t’elībe neyire ___ ______ ___ ___ ______ ___________ _______ ______ ንዕኡ ኣይኮንኩን ጠሊበ ነይረ ni‘i’u ayikonikuni t’elībe neyire
I’m not eating it because I didn’t order it.	ኣ_ ስ_ዘ_ጠ_ብ_ዎ ኣ_በ_ዕ_‘_። a_e s_l_z_y_t_e_e_i_u_o a_i_e_i_i_i_y_። ኣነ ስለዘይጠለብኩዎ ኣይበልዕን‘የ። ane silezeyit’elebikuwo ayibeli‘ini‘ye። ኣ_ ስ________ ኣ________ a__ s__________________ a______________ ኣነ ስለዘይጠለብኩዎ ኣይበልዕን‘የ። ane silezeyit’elebikuwo ayibeli‘ini‘ye። __ _________ _________ ___ ___________________ _______________ ኣነ ስለዘይጠለብኩዎ ኣይበልዕን‘የ። ane silezeyit’elebikuwo ayibeli‘ini‘ye።

Why don’t you eat the meat?	ስ_ም_ታ_ ነ_ ስ_ ዘ_ት_ል_ዎ_ s_l_m_n_t_y_ n_t_ s_g_ z_y_t_b_l_‘_w_? ስለምንታይ ነቲ ስጋ ዘይትበልዑዎ? sileminitayi netī siga zeyitibeli‘uwo? ስ_____ ነ_ ስ_ ዘ_______ s___________ n___ s___ z______________ ስለምንታይ ነቲ ስጋ ዘይትበልዑዎ? sileminitayi netī siga zeyitibeli‘uwo? ______ __ __ ________ ____________ ____ ____ _______________ ስለምንታይ ነቲ ስጋ ዘይትበልዑዎ? sileminitayi netī siga zeyitibeli‘uwo?
I am a vegetarian.	ኣ_ ስ_ ዘ_በ_ዕ ሰ_(_ጀ_ር_) እ_። a_e s_g_ z_y_b_l_‘_ s_b_(_e_e_a_i_a_ i_e_ ኣነ ስጋ ዘይበልዕ ሰብ(ቨጀታርያ) እየ። ane siga zeyibeli‘i sebi(vejetariya) iye። ኣ_ ስ_ ዘ____ ሰ________ እ__ a__ s___ z_________ s_______________ i___ ኣነ ስጋ ዘይበልዕ ሰብ(ቨጀታርያ) እየ። ane siga zeyibeli‘i sebi(vejetariya) iye። __ __ _____ _________ ___ ___ ____ __________ ________________ ____ ኣነ ስጋ ዘይበልዕ ሰብ(ቨጀታርያ) እየ። ane siga zeyibeli‘i sebi(vejetariya) iye።
I’m not eating it because I am a vegetarian.	ኣ_በ_ዖ_ እ_፣ ስ_ ዘ_በ_ዕ ሰ_ ስ_ዝ_ን_። a_i_e_i_o_i i_e_ s_g_ z_y_b_l_‘_ s_b_ s_l_z_h_o_i_u_ ኣይበልዖን እየ፣ ስጋ ዘይበልዕ ሰብ ስለዝኾንኩ። ayibeli‘oni iye፣ siga zeyibeli‘i sebi sileziẖoniku። ኣ_____ እ__ ስ_ ዘ____ ሰ_ ስ______ a__________ i___ s___ z_________ s___ s_____________ ኣይበልዖን እየ፣ ስጋ ዘይበልዕ ሰብ ስለዝኾንኩ። ayibeli‘oni iye፣ siga zeyibeli‘i sebi sileziẖoniku። ______ ___ __ _____ __ _______ ___________ ____ ____ __________ ____ ______________ ኣይበልዖን እየ፣ ስጋ ዘይበልዕ ሰብ ስለዝኾንኩ። ayibeli‘oni iye፣ siga zeyibeli‘i sebi sileziẖoniku።

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