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58 [fifty-eight]

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58 [elli sekiz]	Vücudun bölümleri

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Does a universal grammar exist?

When we learn a language, we also learn its grammar. When children learn their native language, this happens automatically. They don't notice that their brain is learning various rules. Despite this, they learn their native language correctly from the beginning. Given that many languages exist, many grammar systems exist too. But is there also a universal grammar? Scientists have been studying this for a long time. New studies could provide an answer. Because brain researchers have made an interesting discovery. They had test subjects study grammar rules. These subjects were language school students. They studied Japanese or Italian. Half of the grammar rules were totally fabricated. However, the test subjects didn't know that. The students were presented with sentences after studying. They had to assess whether or not the sentences were correct. While they were working through the sentences, their brains were analyzed. That is to say, the researchers measured the activity of the brain. This way they could examine how the brain reacted to the sentences. And it appears that our brain recognizes grammar! When processing speech, certain brain areas are active. The Broca Center is one of them. It is located in the left cerebrum. When the students were faced with real grammar rules, it was very active. With the fabricated rules on the other hand, the activity decreased considerably. So it could be that all grammar systems have the same basis. Then they would all follow the same principles. And these principles would be inherent in us…

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I am drawing a man.	B_r a_a_ r_s_i y_p_y_r_m_ Bir adam resmi yapıyorum. B__ a___ r____ y_________ Bir adam resmi yapıyorum. ___ ____ _____ __________ Bir adam resmi yapıyorum.
First the head.	Ö_c_ k_f_s_n_. Önce kafasını. Ö___ k________ Önce kafasını. ____ _________ Önce kafasını.
The man is wearing a hat.	A_a_ı_ ş_p_a_ı v_r_ Adamın şapkası var. A_____ ş______ v___ Adamın şapkası var. ______ _______ ____ Adamın şapkası var.

One cannot see the hair.	S_ç_a_ g_z_k_ü_o_. Saçlar gözükmüyor. S_____ g__________ Saçlar gözükmüyor. ______ ___________ Saçlar gözükmüyor.
One cannot see the ears either.	K_l_k_a_ d_ g_z_k_ü_o_. Kulaklar da gözükmüyor. K_______ d_ g__________ Kulaklar da gözükmüyor. ________ __ ___________ Kulaklar da gözükmüyor.
One cannot see his back either.	S_r_ d_ g_z_k_ü_o_. Sırt da gözükmüyor. S___ d_ g__________ Sırt da gözükmüyor. ____ __ ___________ Sırt da gözükmüyor.

I am drawing the eyes and the mouth.	G_z_e_i v_ a_ı_ı ç_z_y_r_m_ Gözleri ve ağızı çiziyorum. G______ v_ a____ ç_________ Gözleri ve ağızı çiziyorum. _______ __ _____ __________ Gözleri ve ağızı çiziyorum.
The man is dancing and laughing.	A_a_ d_n_ e_i_o_ v_ g_l_y_r_ Adam dans ediyor ve gülüyor. A___ d___ e_____ v_ g_______ Adam dans ediyor ve gülüyor. ____ ____ ______ __ ________ Adam dans ediyor ve gülüyor.
The man has a long nose.	A_a_ı_ u_u_ b_r b_r_u v_r_ Adamın uzun bir burnu var. A_____ u___ b__ b____ v___ Adamın uzun bir burnu var. ______ ____ ___ _____ ____ Adamın uzun bir burnu var.

He is carrying a cane in his hands.	E_i_d_ b_r b_s_o_ v_r_ Elinde bir baston var. E_____ b__ b_____ v___ Elinde bir baston var. ______ ___ ______ ____ Elinde bir baston var.
He is also wearing a scarf around his neck.	B_ğ_z_n_a d_ b_r ş_l v_r_ Boğazında da bir şal var. B________ d_ b__ ş__ v___ Boğazında da bir şal var. _________ __ ___ ___ ____ Boğazında da bir şal var.
It is winter and it is cold.	K_ş v_ h_v_ s_ğ_k_ Kış ve hava soğuk. K__ v_ h___ s_____ Kış ve hava soğuk. ___ __ ____ ______ Kış ve hava soğuk.

The arms are athletic.	K_l_a_ı k_v_e_l_. Kolları kuvvetli. K______ k________ Kolları kuvvetli. _______ _________ Kolları kuvvetli.
The legs are also athletic.	B_c_k_a_ı d_ k_v_e_l_. Bacakları da kuvvetli. B________ d_ k________ Bacakları da kuvvetli. _________ __ _________ Bacakları da kuvvetli.
The man is made of snow.	A_a_ k_r_a_. Adam kardan. A___ k______ Adam kardan. ____ _______ Adam kardan.

He is neither wearing pants nor a coat.	P_n_o_o_u v_ p_l_o_u y_k_ Pantolonu ve paltosu yok. P________ v_ p______ y___ Pantolonu ve paltosu yok. _________ __ _______ ____ Pantolonu ve paltosu yok.
But the man is not freezing.	A_a a_a_ ü_ü_ü_o_. Ama adam üşümüyor. A__ a___ ü________ Ama adam üşümüyor. ___ ____ _________ Ama adam üşümüyor.
He is a snowman.	O b_r k_r_a_ a_a_. O bir kardan adam. O b__ k_____ a____ O bir kardan adam. _ ___ ______ _____ O bir kardan adam.

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Does a universal grammar exist?

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