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81 [osamdeset i jedan]

Prošlost 1

81 [eighty-one]	Past tense 1

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Istorija lingvistike

Ljudi su oduvijek bili fascinirani jezicima. Istorija lingvistike je stoga veoma duga. Lingvistika je sistematsko proučavanje jezika. Ljudi već hiljadama godina razmišljaju o jeziku. Pritom razne kulture razvijaju različite sisteme. Na taj način nastaju raličiti opisi jezika. Današnja lingvistika se prije svega temelji na antičkim teorijama. Posebno mnogo tradicija je utemljeno u Grčkoj. Ipak, najstarije poznato djelo o jeziku potječe iz Indije. Napisao ga je gramatičar Sakatayana prije otprilike 3.000 godina. U antičko doba su se jezikom bavili filozofi poput Platona. Rimski autori su kasnije dalje razvijali svoje teorije. Arapi su takođe u 8. stoljeću razvili vlastite tradicije. Njihova djela pokazuju tačan opis arapskog jezika. U novije doba postojala je namjera da se istraži porijeklo jezika. Učenjake je posebno zanimala istorija jezika. U 18. vijeku se započelo s upoređivanjem jezika. Na taj način se nastojalo shvatiti kako se jezici razvijaju. Kasnije se koncentriralo na jezike kao na sistem. Najvažnije pitanje je bilo kako jezici funkcioniraju. Danas unutar lingvistike postoji mnogo škola. Od 1950-ih su se razvile mnoge nove discipline. Na njih su dijelom snažno utjecale ostale nauke. Na primjer, psiholingvistika ili interkulturalna komunikacija. Novi smjerovi lingvistike su jako specijalizirani. Jedan primjer je feministička lingvistika. Istorija lingvistike se tako nastavlja... Sve dok postoji jezik, čovjek će o njemu razmišljati!

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pisati	t_ w_i_e to write t_ w____ to write __ _____ to write
On je napisao pismo.	H_ w_o_e a l_t_e_. He wrote a letter. H_ w____ a l______ He wrote a letter. __ _____ _ _______ He wrote a letter.
A ona je napisala razglednicu.	A_d s_e w_o_e a c_r_. And she wrote a card. A__ s__ w____ a c____ And she wrote a card. ___ ___ _____ _ _____ And she wrote a card.

čitati	t_ r_a_ to read t_ r___ to read __ ____ to read
On je čitao ilustrovani časopis.	H_ r_a_ a m_g_z_n_. He read a magazine. H_ r___ a m________ He read a magazine. __ ____ _ _________ He read a magazine.
A ona je čitala knjigu.	A_d s_e r_a_ a b_o_. And she read a book. A__ s__ r___ a b____ And she read a book. ___ ___ ____ _ _____ And she read a book.

uzeti	t_ t_k_ to take t_ t___ to take __ ____ to take
On je uzeo cigaretu.	H_ t_o_ a c_g_r_t_e_ He took a cigarette. H_ t___ a c_________ He took a cigarette. __ ____ _ __________ He took a cigarette.
Ona je uzela komad čokolade.	S_e t_o_ a p_e_e o_ c_o_o_a_e_ She took a piece of chocolate. S__ t___ a p____ o_ c_________ She took a piece of chocolate. ___ ____ _ _____ __ __________ She took a piece of chocolate.

On je bio nevjeran, ali je ona bila vjerna.	H_ w_s d_s_o_a_, b_t s_e w_s l_y_l_ He was disloyal, but she was loyal. H_ w__ d________ b__ s__ w__ l_____ He was disloyal, but she was loyal. __ ___ _________ ___ ___ ___ ______ He was disloyal, but she was loyal.
On je bio lijen, ali je ona bila vrijedna.	H_ w_s l_z_, b_t s_e w_s h_r_-_o_k_n_. He was lazy, but she was hard-working. H_ w__ l____ b__ s__ w__ h____________ He was lazy, but she was hard-working. __ ___ _____ ___ ___ ___ _____________ He was lazy, but she was hard-working.
On je bio siromašan, ali je ona bila bogata.	H_ w_s p_o_, b_t s_e w_s r_c_. He was poor, but she was rich. H_ w__ p____ b__ s__ w__ r____ He was poor, but she was rich. __ ___ _____ ___ ___ ___ _____ He was poor, but she was rich.

On nije imao novca, već dugove.	H_ h_d n_ m_n_y_ o_l_ d_b_s_ He had no money, only debts. H_ h__ n_ m_____ o___ d_____ He had no money, only debts. __ ___ __ ______ ____ ______ He had no money, only debts.
On nije imao sreće, već peh.	H_ h_d n_ l_c_, o_l_ b_d l_c_. He had no luck, only bad luck. H_ h__ n_ l____ o___ b__ l____ He had no luck, only bad luck. __ ___ __ _____ ____ ___ _____ He had no luck, only bad luck.
On nije imao uspjeh, već neuspjeh.	H_ h_d n_ s_c_e_s_ o_l_ f_i_u_e_ He had no success, only failure. H_ h__ n_ s_______ o___ f_______ He had no success, only failure. __ ___ __ ________ ____ ________ He had no success, only failure.

On nije bio zadovoljan, već nezadovoljan.	H_ w_s n_t s_t_s_i_d_ b_t d_s_a_i_f_e_. He was not satisfied, but dissatisfied. H_ w__ n__ s_________ b__ d____________ He was not satisfied, but dissatisfied. __ ___ ___ __________ ___ _____________ He was not satisfied, but dissatisfied.
On nije bio sretan, već nesretan.	H_ w_s n_t h_p_y_ b_t s_d_ He was not happy, but sad. H_ w__ n__ h_____ b__ s___ He was not happy, but sad. __ ___ ___ ______ ___ ____ He was not happy, but sad.
On nije bio simpatičan, već antipatičan.	H_ w_s n_t f_i_n_l_, b_t u_f_i_n_l_. He was not friendly, but unfriendly. H_ w__ n__ f________ b__ u__________ He was not friendly, but unfriendly. __ ___ ___ _________ ___ ___________ He was not friendly, but unfriendly.

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