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77 [seventy-seven]

giving reasons 3

77 [ሰባ ሰባት] 77 [seba sebati]	ምክንያት ማቅረብ 3 mikiniyati mak’irebi 3

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One language, many varieties

Even if we only speak one language, we speak many languages. For no language is a self-contained system. Every language shows many different dimensions. Language is a living system. Speakers always orient themselves towards their conversation partners. Therefore, people vary the language they speak. These varieties appear in various forms. For example, every language has a history. It has changed and will continue to change. This can be recognized in the fact that old people speak differently than young people. There are also various dialects in most languages. However, many dialect speakers can adapt to their environment. In certain situations they speak the standard language. Different social groups have different languages. Youth language or hunter's jargon are examples of this. Most people speak differently at work than they do at home. Many also use a professional jargon at work. Differences also appear in spoken and written language. Spoken language is typically much simpler than written. The difference can be quite large. This is the case when written languages don't change for a long time. Speakers then must learn to use the language in written form first. The language of women and men is often different as well. This difference isn't that great in western societies. But there are countries in which women speak much more differently than men. In some cultures, politeness has its own linguistic form. Speaking is therefore not at all so easy! We have to pay attention to many different things at the same time…

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Why aren’t you eating the cake?	ለ_ን_ን ነ_ ኬ_ን የ_ይ_ሉ_? l_m_n_d_n_ n_w_ k_k_n_ y_m_y_b_l_t_? ለምንድን ነው ኬኩን የማይበሉት? leminidini newi kēkuni yemayibeluti? ለ____ ነ_ ኬ__ የ______ l_________ n___ k_____ y____________ ለምንድን ነው ኬኩን የማይበሉት? leminidini newi kēkuni yemayibeluti? _____ __ ___ _______ __________ ____ ______ _____________ ለምንድን ነው ኬኩን የማይበሉት? leminidini newi kēkuni yemayibeluti?
I must lose weight.	ክ_ደ_ መ_ነ_ ስ_ለ_ኝ k_b_d_t_ m_k_e_e_i s_l_l_b_n_i ክብደት መቀነስ ስላለብኝ kibideti mek’enesi silalebinyi ክ___ መ___ ስ____ k_______ m________ s__________ ክብደት መቀነስ ስላለብኝ kibideti mek’enesi silalebinyi ____ ____ _____ ________ _________ ___________ ክብደት መቀነስ ስላለብኝ kibideti mek’enesi silalebinyi
I’m not eating it because I must lose weight.	የ_ል_ላ_ ክ_ደ_ መ_ነ_ ስ_ለ_ኝ ነ_። y_m_l_b_l_w_ k_b_d_t_ m_k_e_e_i s_l_l_b_n_i n_w_. የማልበላው ክብደት መቀነስ ስላለብኝ ነው። yemalibelawi kibideti mek’enesi silalebinyi newi. የ_____ ክ___ መ___ ስ____ ነ__ y___________ k_______ m________ s__________ n____ የማልበላው ክብደት መቀነስ ስላለብኝ ነው። yemalibelawi kibideti mek’enesi silalebinyi newi. ______ ____ ____ _____ ___ ____________ ________ _________ ___________ _____ የማልበላው ክብደት መቀነስ ስላለብኝ ነው። yemalibelawi kibideti mek’enesi silalebinyi newi.

Why aren’t you drinking the beer?	ለ_ን_ን ነ_ ቢ_ው_ የ_ይ_ጡ_? l_m_n_d_n_ n_w_ b_r_w_n_ y_m_y_t_e_’_t_? ለምንድን ነው ቢራውን የማይጠጡት? leminidini newi bīrawini yemayit’et’uti? ለ____ ነ_ ቢ___ የ______ l_________ n___ b_______ y______________ ለምንድን ነው ቢራውን የማይጠጡት? leminidini newi bīrawini yemayit’et’uti? _____ __ ____ _______ __________ ____ ________ _______________ ለምንድን ነው ቢራውን የማይጠጡት? leminidini newi bīrawini yemayit’et’uti?
I have to drive.	መ_ና መ_ዳ_ ስ_ለ_ኝ m_k_n_ m_n_d_t_ s_l_l_b_n_i መኪና መንዳት ስላለብኝ mekīna menidati silalebinyi መ__ መ___ ስ____ m_____ m_______ s__________ መኪና መንዳት ስላለብኝ mekīna menidati silalebinyi ___ ____ _____ ______ ________ ___________ መኪና መንዳት ስላለብኝ mekīna menidati silalebinyi
I’m not drinking it because I have to drive.	መ_ና ስ_ም_ዳ ስ_ለ_ኝ አ_ጠ_ም_ m_k_n_ s_l_m_n_d_ s_l_l_b_n_i ā_i_’_t_a_i_ መኪና ስለምነዳ ስላለብኝ አልጠጣም። mekīna silemineda silalebinyi ālit’et’ami. መ__ ስ____ ስ____ አ_____ m_____ s_________ s__________ ā___________ መኪና ስለምነዳ ስላለብኝ አልጠጣም። mekīna silemineda silalebinyi ālit’et’ami. ___ _____ _____ ______ ______ __________ ___________ ____________ መኪና ስለምነዳ ስላለብኝ አልጠጣም። mekīna silemineda silalebinyi ālit’et’ami.

Why aren’t you drinking the coffee?	ለ_ን_ን ነ_ ቡ_ው_ የ_ት_ጣ_/_ው_ l_m_n_d_n_ n_w_ b_n_w_n_ y_m_t_t_e_’_w_/_h_ī_i_ ለምንድን ነው ቡናውን የማትጠጣው/ጪው? leminidini newi bunawini yematit’et’awi/ch’īwi? ለ____ ነ_ ቡ___ የ_________ l_________ n___ b_______ y_____________________ ለምንድን ነው ቡናውን የማትጠጣው/ጪው? leminidini newi bunawini yematit’et’awi/ch’īwi? _____ __ ____ __________ __________ ____ ________ ______________________ ለምንድን ነው ቡናውን የማትጠጣው/ጪው? leminidini newi bunawini yematit’et’awi/ch’īwi?
It is cold.	ቀ_ቅ_ል k_e_i_’_z_l_ ቀዝቅዛል k’ezik’izali ቀ____ k___________ ቀዝቅዛል k’ezik’izali _____ ____________ ቀዝቅዛል k’ezik’izali
I’m not drinking it because it is cold.	የ_ል_ጣ_ ስ_ቀ_ቀ_ ነ_። y_m_l_t_e_’_w_ s_l_k_e_e_’_z_ n_w_. የማልጠጣው ስለቀዘቀዘ ነው። yemalit’et’awi silek’ezek’eze newi. የ_____ ስ_____ ነ__ y_____________ s_____________ n____ የማልጠጣው ስለቀዘቀዘ ነው። yemalit’et’awi silek’ezek’eze newi. ______ ______ ___ ______________ ______________ _____ የማልጠጣው ስለቀዘቀዘ ነው። yemalit’et’awi silek’ezek’eze newi.

Why aren’t you drinking the tea?	ለ_ን_ን ነ_ ሻ_ን የ_ት_ጣ_/_ው_ l_m_n_d_n_ n_w_ s_a_u_i y_m_t_t_e_’_w_/_h_ī_i_ ለምንድን ነው ሻዩን የማትጠጣው/ጪው? leminidini newi shayuni yematit’et’awi/ch’īwi? ለ____ ነ_ ሻ__ የ_________ l_________ n___ s______ y_____________________ ለምንድን ነው ሻዩን የማትጠጣው/ጪው? leminidini newi shayuni yematit’et’awi/ch’īwi? _____ __ ___ __________ __________ ____ _______ ______________________ ለምንድን ነው ሻዩን የማትጠጣው/ጪው? leminidini newi shayuni yematit’et’awi/ch’īwi?
I have no sugar.	ስ_ር የ_ኝ_። s_k_r_ y_l_n_i_i_ ስካር የለኝም። sikari yelenyimi. ስ__ የ____ s_____ y_________ ስካር የለኝም። sikari yelenyimi. ___ _____ ______ __________ ስካር የለኝም። sikari yelenyimi.
I’m not drinking it because I don’t have any sugar.	የ_ል_ጣ_ ስ_ር ስ_ሌ_ኝ ነ_። y_m_l_t_e_’_w_ s_k_r_ s_l_l_l_n_i n_w_. የማልጠጣው ስካር ስለሌለኝ ነው። yemalit’et’awi sikari silelēlenyi newi. የ_____ ስ__ ስ____ ነ__ y_____________ s_____ s__________ n____ የማልጠጣው ስካር ስለሌለኝ ነው። yemalit’et’awi sikari silelēlenyi newi. ______ ___ _____ ___ ______________ ______ ___________ _____ የማልጠጣው ስካር ስለሌለኝ ነው። yemalit’et’awi sikari silelēlenyi newi.

Why aren’t you eating the soup?	ለ_ን_ን ነ_ ሾ_ባ_ን የ_ይ_ሉ_? l_m_n_d_n_ n_w_ s_o_i_a_i_i y_m_y_b_l_t_? ለምንድን ነው ሾርባውን የማይበሉት? leminidini newi shoribawini yemayibeluti? ለ____ ነ_ ሾ____ የ______ l_________ n___ s__________ y____________ ለምንድን ነው ሾርባውን የማይበሉት? leminidini newi shoribawini yemayibeluti? _____ __ _____ _______ __________ ____ ___________ _____________ ለምንድን ነው ሾርባውን የማይበሉት? leminidini newi shoribawini yemayibeluti?
I didn’t order it.	አ_ዘ_ኩ_ም ā_a_e_i_u_i_i አላዘዝኩትም ālazezikutimi አ______ ā____________ አላዘዝኩትም ālazezikutimi _______ _____________ አላዘዝኩትም ālazezikutimi
I’m not eating it because I didn’t order it.	የ_ል_ላ_ ስ_ላ_ዝ_ት ነ_። y_m_l_b_l_w_ s_l_l_z_z_k_t_ n_w_. የማልበላው ስላላዘዝኩት ነው። yemalibelawi silalazezikuti newi. የ_____ ስ______ ነ__ y___________ s_____________ n____ የማልበላው ስላላዘዝኩት ነው። yemalibelawi silalazezikuti newi. ______ _______ ___ ____________ ______________ _____ የማልበላው ስላላዘዝኩት ነው። yemalibelawi silalazezikuti newi.

Why don’t you eat the meat?	ለ_ን_ን ነ_ ስ_ው_ የ_ይ_ሉ_? l_m_n_d_n_ n_w_ s_g_w_n_ y_m_y_b_l_t_? ለምንድን ነው ስጋውን የማይበሉት? leminidini newi sigawini yemayibeluti? ለ____ ነ_ ስ___ የ______ l_________ n___ s_______ y____________ ለምንድን ነው ስጋውን የማይበሉት? leminidini newi sigawini yemayibeluti? _____ __ ____ _______ __________ ____ ________ _____________ ለምንድን ነው ስጋውን የማይበሉት? leminidini newi sigawini yemayibeluti?
I am a vegetarian.	የ_ት_ል_ ዘ_ ብ_ ተ_ጋ_ ነ_። y_’_t_k_l_t_ z_r_ b_c_a t_m_g_b_ n_n_i_ የአትክልት ዘር ብቻ ተመጋቢ ነኝ። ye’ātikiliti zeri bicha temegabī nenyi. የ_____ ዘ_ ብ_ ተ___ ነ__ y___________ z___ b____ t_______ n_____ የአትክልት ዘር ብቻ ተመጋቢ ነኝ። ye’ātikiliti zeri bicha temegabī nenyi. ______ __ __ ____ ___ ____________ ____ _____ ________ ______ የአትክልት ዘር ብቻ ተመጋቢ ነኝ። ye’ātikiliti zeri bicha temegabī nenyi.
I’m not eating it because I am a vegetarian.	የ_ል_ላ_ የ_ት_ል_ ዘ_ ብ_ ተ_ጋ_ ስ_ሆ_ኩ_ ነ_። y_m_l_b_l_w_ y_’_t_k_l_t_ z_r_ b_c_a t_m_g_b_ s_l_h_n_k_n_i n_w_. የማልበላው የአትክልት ዘር ብቻ ተመጋቢ ስለሆነኩኝ ነው። yemalibelawi ye’ātikiliti zeri bicha temegabī silehonekunyi newi. የ_____ የ_____ ዘ_ ብ_ ተ___ ስ_____ ነ__ y___________ y___________ z___ b____ t_______ s____________ n____ የማልበላው የአትክልት ዘር ብቻ ተመጋቢ ስለሆነኩኝ ነው። yemalibelawi ye’ātikiliti zeri bicha temegabī silehonekunyi newi. ______ ______ __ __ ____ ______ ___ ____________ ____________ ____ _____ ________ _____________ _____ የማልበላው የአትክልት ዘር ብቻ ተመጋቢ ስለሆነኩኝ ነው። yemalibelawi ye’ātikiliti zeri bicha temegabī silehonekunyi newi.

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