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58[五十八]

身体的部位

58 [fifty-eight]	Parts of the body

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当我们学习一种语言时也会学习它的语法。当孩子学习母语时，语法学习会自发进行。他们没有意识到大脑正在学习许多不同的规则。尽管如此，他们从一开始就能正确地学习母语。既然存在许多语言，也就存在诸多语法体系。但是存在一种通用语法吗？科学界对这个问题已研究多年。最新研究结果可以对此提供一个答案。因为大脑学家发现了有趣的现象。该研究项目让实验对象学习语法规则。实验对象是语言学校的学生。他们学习日语或意大利语。实验里有一半捏造的语法规则。但这些实验对象并不知道。他们在学习结束后被安排了句子作业。他们必须判断这些句子是否正确。当他们解答作业时，他们的大脑会被分析。也就是说，研究人员将测量大脑的活动。通过测量就能知道大脑对这些句子有何反应。实验结果显示，我们的大脑能辨认语法！当我们处理语言时，大脑特定区域则处于活跃状态。布罗卡中枢就是其一。它位于左大脑。当这些学生处理真正的语法规则时，布罗卡中枢就会非常活跃。相反，当面对捏造的语法规则时，该中枢的活跃性则明显减少。这有可能是因为所有的语法体系都有着相同的基础。所以它们全都遵循着相同的原则。并且这些原则可能是我们与生俱来的......

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我画一个男人。	I a_ d_a_i_g a m_n_ I am drawing a man. I a_ d______ a m___ I am drawing a man. _ __ _______ _ ____ I am drawing a man.
首先是头部。	F_r_t t_e h_a_. First the head. F____ t__ h____ First the head. _____ ___ _____ First the head.
那个男人带着一顶帽子。	T_e m_n i_ w_a_i_g a h_t_ The man is wearing a hat. T__ m__ i_ w______ a h___ The man is wearing a hat. ___ ___ __ _______ _ ____ The man is wearing a hat.

看不见头发。	O_e c_n_o_ s_e t_e h_i_. One cannot see the hair. O__ c_____ s__ t__ h____ One cannot see the hair. ___ ______ ___ ___ _____ One cannot see the hair.
也看不见耳朵。	O_e c_n_o_ s_e t_e e_r_ e_t_e_. One cannot see the ears either. O__ c_____ s__ t__ e___ e______ One cannot see the ears either. ___ ______ ___ ___ ____ _______ One cannot see the ears either.
也看不见后背。	O_e c_n_o_ s_e h_s b_c_ e_t_e_. One cannot see his back either. O__ c_____ s__ h__ b___ e______ One cannot see his back either. ___ ______ ___ ___ ____ _______ One cannot see his back either.

我画眼睛和嘴。	I a_ d_a_i_g t_e e_e_ a_d t_e m_u_h_ I am drawing the eyes and the mouth. I a_ d______ t__ e___ a__ t__ m_____ I am drawing the eyes and the mouth. _ __ _______ ___ ____ ___ ___ ______ I am drawing the eyes and the mouth.
这个男人跳着舞并笑着。	T_e m_n i_ d_n_i_g a_d l_u_h_n_. The man is dancing and laughing. T__ m__ i_ d______ a__ l________ The man is dancing and laughing. ___ ___ __ _______ ___ _________ The man is dancing and laughing.
这个男人有个长鼻子。	T_e m_n h_s a l_n_ n_s_. The man has a long nose. T__ m__ h__ a l___ n____ The man has a long nose. ___ ___ ___ _ ____ _____ The man has a long nose.

他手里拿着一个棍子。	H_ i_ c_r_y_n_ a c_n_ i_ h_s h_n_s_ He is carrying a cane in his hands. H_ i_ c_______ a c___ i_ h__ h_____ He is carrying a cane in his hands. __ __ ________ _ ____ __ ___ ______ He is carrying a cane in his hands.
他脖子上也戴了一条围巾。	H_ i_ a_s_ w_a_i_g a s_a_f a_o_n_ h_s n_c_. He is also wearing a scarf around his neck. H_ i_ a___ w______ a s____ a_____ h__ n____ He is also wearing a scarf around his neck. __ __ ____ _______ _ _____ ______ ___ _____ He is also wearing a scarf around his neck.
现在是冬天，而且天气很冷。	I_ i_ w_n_e_ a_d i_ i_ c_l_. It is winter and it is cold. I_ i_ w_____ a__ i_ i_ c____ It is winter and it is cold. __ __ ______ ___ __ __ _____ It is winter and it is cold.

双臂很有力气。	T_e a_m_ a_e a_h_e_i_. The arms are athletic. T__ a___ a__ a________ The arms are athletic. ___ ____ ___ _________ The arms are athletic.
双腿也很有力气。	T_e l_g_ a_e a_s_ a_h_e_i_. The legs are also athletic. T__ l___ a__ a___ a________ The legs are also athletic. ___ ____ ___ ____ _________ The legs are also athletic.
这个男人是雪做的。	T_e m_n i_ m_d_ o_ s_o_. The man is made of snow. T__ m__ i_ m___ o_ s____ The man is made of snow. ___ ___ __ ____ __ _____ The man is made of snow.

他没穿裤子也没穿大衣。	H_ i_ n_i_h_r w_a_i_g p_n_s n_r a c_a_. He is neither wearing pants nor a coat. H_ i_ n______ w______ p____ n__ a c____ He is neither wearing pants nor a coat. __ __ _______ _______ _____ ___ _ _____ He is neither wearing pants nor a coat.
但是他不感到寒冷。	B_t t_e m_n i_ n_t f_e_z_n_. But the man is not freezing. B__ t__ m__ i_ n__ f________ But the man is not freezing. ___ ___ ___ __ ___ _________ But the man is not freezing.
他是一个雪人。	H_ i_ a s_o_m_n_ He is a snowman. H_ i_ a s_______ He is a snowman. __ __ _ ________ He is a snowman.

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