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56 [fifty-six]

Feelings

56 [padesát šest]	Pocity

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The language of our ancestors

Modern languages can be analyzed by linguists. Various methods are used to do so. But how did people speak thousands of years ago? It is much more difficult to answer this question. Despite this, scientists have been busy researching for years. They would like to explore how people spoke earlier. In order to do this, they attempt to reconstruct ancient speech forms. American scientists have now made an exciting discovery. They analyzed more than 2,000 languages. In particular they analyzed the sentence structure of the languages. The results of their study were very interesting. About half of the languages had the S-O-V sentence structure. That is to say, the sentences are ordered by subject, object and verb. More than 700 languages follow the pattern S-V-O. And about 160 languages operate according to the V-S-O system. Only about 40 languages use the V-O-S pattern. 120 languages display a hybrid. On the other hand, O-V-S and O-S-V are distinctly rarer systems. The majority of the analyzed languages use the S-O-V principle. Persian, Japanese and Turkish are some examples. Most living languages follow the S-V-O pattern, however. This sentence structure dominates the Indo-European language family today. Researchers believe that the S-O-V model was used earlier. All languages are based on this system. But then the languages diverged. We don't yet know how that happened. However, the variation of sentence structures must have had a reason. Because in evolution, only that which has an advantage prevails…

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to feel like / want to	m_t c_u_ mít chuť m__ c___ mít chuť ___ ____ mít chuť
We feel like. / We want to.	M_m_ c_u_. Máme chuť. M___ c____ Máme chuť. ____ _____ Máme chuť.
We don’t feel like. / We do’t want to.	N_m_m_ ž_d_o_ c_u_. Nemáme žádnou chuť. N_____ ž_____ c____ Nemáme žádnou chuť. ______ ______ _____ Nemáme žádnou chuť.

to be afraid	m_t s_r_c_ mít strach m__ s_____ mít strach ___ ______ mít strach
I’m afraid.	M_m s_r_c_. Mám strach. M__ s______ Mám strach. ___ _______ Mám strach.
I am not afraid.	N_m_m ž_d_ý s_r_c_. Nemám žádný strach. N____ ž____ s______ Nemám žádný strach. _____ _____ _______ Nemám žádný strach.

to have time	m_t č_s mít čas m__ č__ mít čas ___ ___ mít čas
He has time.	M_ č_s_ Má čas. M_ č___ Má čas. __ ____ Má čas.
He has no time.	N_m_ č_s_ Nemá čas. N___ č___ Nemá čas. ____ ____ Nemá čas.

to be bored	n_d_t s_ nudit se n____ s_ nudit se _____ __ nudit se
She is bored.	N_d_ s_. Nudí se. N___ s__ Nudí se. ____ ___ Nudí se.
She is not bored.	N_n_d_ s_. Nenudí se. N_____ s__ Nenudí se. ______ ___ Nenudí se.

to be hungry	m_t h_a_ mít hlad m__ h___ mít hlad ___ ____ mít hlad
Are you hungry?	M_t_ h_a_? Máte hlad? M___ h____ Máte hlad? ____ _____ Máte hlad?
Aren’t you hungry?	V_ n_m_t_ v_b_c h_a_? Vy nemáte vůbec hlad? V_ n_____ v____ h____ Vy nemáte vůbec hlad? __ ______ _____ _____ Vy nemáte vůbec hlad?

to be thirsty	M_t ž_z_ň Mít žízeň M__ ž____ Mít žízeň ___ _____ Mít žízeň
They are thirsty.	M_j_ ž_z_ň_ Mají žízeň. M___ ž_____ Mají žízeň. ____ ______ Mají žízeň.
They are not thirsty.	N_m_j_ v_b_c ž_z_ň_ Nemají vůbec žízeň. N_____ v____ ž_____ Nemají vůbec žízeň. ______ _____ ______ Nemají vůbec žízeň.

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The language of our ancestors

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